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Advanced Pharmacology > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cortisol (made from the adrenal gland) has what effect on the body?

A

Impacts level of awareness and sleep pattern
Cortisol is the wake up hormone
spontaneous emotions
wound healing

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2
Q

What affect do glucocorticoids have on the body?

A

anti-inflammatory, growth suppressing effects, increasing circulating erythrocytes, increases appetite, promotes fat deposits in the face and cervical areas, decrease serum calcium, and enhances urinary excretion.

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3
Q

what is the most predominant minearalcorticoid

A

aldosterone

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4
Q

What is the main function of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)?

A

retain sodium and water, and excrete potassium

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5
Q

In what instance would corticosteroids be contraindicated?

A

in patients with active, untreated infections, in patients with hypertension or cardiovascular disorders, and cautious use in post-menopausal women due to risk of osteoporosis.

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6
Q

In patients with diabetes, what complication may they see while taking a corticosteroid?

A

problems with glycemic control– may become hyperglycemic

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7
Q

What complications could people with UC or peptic ulcer disease see with concurrent corticosteroid use?

A

increased risk of GI bleeding and perforation

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8
Q

What consideration should you make when administering a corticosteroid to a patient?

A

Give earlier in the day (preferably before 9AM to prevent insomnia.

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9
Q

Which drugs are choices for the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?

A

hydrocortisone, cortisone, and prednisone

Prednisone is the most common drug used outpatient

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10
Q

Which drugs are choice in the treatment of inflammation?

A

Methylprednisolone, prednisone, and triamcinolone or decadron

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11
Q

Which drugs are best to help with immune suppression ?

A

Prednisone is used because it has a short half-life.

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12
Q

which drugs are best to treat Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

first-line treatment is NSAID’s. low- dose prednisone can also be used.

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13
Q

What sort of ongoing monitoring is needed for patients on long-term corticosteroids?

A

weight, electrolytes, glucose, CBC, monitoring for GI bleed, eye exam,

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14
Q

What patient education can be given to a patient taking long-term corticosteroids?

A

Take medication prior to 9AM
have a diet high in potassium and calcium
diet low in sodium and carbohydrates

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15
Q

what is thought to be the MOA of tylenol?

A

inhibiting central and peripheral prostaglandin synthesis

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16
Q

where is tylenol metabolized?

A

the liver

17
Q

Is ibuprofen or tylenol recommended for pregnant women?

A

tylenol

18
Q

which pain medication would be recommended for children’s and infants <6 mos

A

tylenol

19
Q

what is the most common adverse drug reaction for NSAID’s?

A

GI disturbances- take with food to reduce GI upset

20
Q

What medication can be used for pain associated with osteoarthritis?

A

tylenol or motrin

21
Q

What medications can be used for gout?

A

indomethacin, naproxen, and sulindac

22
Q

which medication is the drug of choice for fever?

A

motrin

23
Q

what medication can be used for primary dysmenorrhea?

A

NSAID’s (motrin for naproxen) are the drugs of choice

24
Q

what needs to be monitored during lon term treatment with NSAID’s?

A

renal function and for presence of a GI ulcer or GI bleed(CBC prior to initiation of therapy and annually)

25
Q

what slows the absorption of aspirin?

A

food

26
Q

what are the major adverse drug reactions with aspirin?

A

GI irritation, iron deficiency anemia, ototoxic, potential development of Reye’s syndrome, risk of bleeding

27
Q

what is the gold standard treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

A

aspirin

28
Q

what should patients do at first sign of an MI?

A

patients should take one 325 mg aspirin tablet

29
Q

What medication can be used for MI and stroke prophylaxis?

A

aspirin

30
Q

what education needs to be given to patients with aspirin therapy?

A

Take with plenty of water

remain upright for 15 to 30 minutes following

31
Q

what monitoring needs to be done on patients on long-term aspirin treatment?

A

random salicylate levels should be drawn 7-10 days following initiation of therapy
Renal function needs to be monitored
CBC
fecal blood testing

Advanced Pharmacology (3 decks)

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