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Advanced Pharmacology > Antibiotic classes > Flashcards

Antibiotic classes Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins act on what type of infections?

A

Gram positive

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2
Q

Which 3 groups of antibiotics have Beta Lactams?

A

Penecillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenems

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3
Q

Beta Lactam antibiotics act on bacteria by…

A

breaking down the bacterial cell wall and inhibiting cell wall synthesis

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4
Q

Aminopenecillin’s were created after penecillin group. What important distinction do they have?

A

They have a beta-lactamase inhibitor

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5
Q

What type of bacteria do aminopenicillins act on?

A

Gram negative and gram positive

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6
Q

What type of bacteria are aminopenecillins NOT effective on?

A

Staphalococcus aureus

Remember MRSA

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7
Q

Name examples of aminopenecillins

A

Methacillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

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8
Q

Cephalosporin antibiotics have a root word of…

A

cef, ceph

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9
Q

Name examples of cephalosprins

A

cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefdinir

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10
Q

Cephalosporins act on what type of bacteria

A

gram negative and positive

Frist generation used for gram positive, later generations increasingly effective against gram negative

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11
Q

What should be avoided with cephalosporins?

A

IV calcium and alcohol

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12
Q

Carbapenem antibiotics have the root word of

A

penem

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13
Q

Carbapenems work on what type of bacteria

A

gram positive and gram negative

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14
Q

What medications should be avoided if a patient has a penicillin allergy?

A

carbapenems and cephalosporins

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15
Q

Give an example of a carbapenem drug

A

meropenem

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16
Q

Macrolides have the root word of…

A

thromycin

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17
Q

Give examples of macrolides drugs

A

erythromycin, azithromycin

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18
Q

what can medication can be prescribed for pneumonia and respiratory infections as an alterative to penecillins?

A

azithromycin and erythromycin

19
Q

azithromycin works on what kind of bacteria?

A

gram positive

20
Q

Aminoglycosides have what root word?

A

mycin or micin

21
Q

What are examples of aminoglycosides?

A

gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin, amikacin, streptomycin

22
Q

If a patient is allergic to azithromycin, what alternative medication could be prescribed? Or medication class

A

Doxycycline (Tetracyclines)

23
Q

how would you treat uncomplicated UTI

A

macrobid or bactrim

24
Q

how would you treat a complicated UTI

A

oral fluroquinolone: cipro levofloxacin

25
Q

Fluoroquinolones have the root word of:

A

floxacin

26
Q

Give an example of a fluoroquinolone

A

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

27
Q

What nursing considerations need to be made when a patient is taking ciprofloxacin?

A

limit sunlight exposure, higher risk of achilles tendon rupture, discontinue with any signs of tendonitis, avoid milk and antacids

28
Q

fluoroquinolones can be used to treat

A

gram negative UTI’s, tuberculosis, and some gram positive infections

29
Q

what can clindamycin be used to treat?

A

Gram-positive infections

30
Q

What class of medications can be prescribed as an alternative to penicillin in the event of an allergy?

A

macrolides- azithromycin, erythromycin

31
Q

What medication is only used for C. Diff infection?

A

Fidaxomicin (Dificid)

32
Q

What is the function of sulfonamides?

A

Blocks folic acid synthesis

33
Q

what is the root word for tetracyclines?

A

cycline

34
Q

Name some medications that are tetracyclines?

A

Tetracycline, doxycycline

35
Q

What medication would a patient be taking if they had the drug reaction of Red Man syndrome?

A

Vancomycin

36
Q

What do you need to monitor for for a patient taking vancomycin?

A

hearing and renal function

37
Q

Patients with a complicated UTI would be treated with…

A

fluoroquinolone either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin.

38
Q
  1. Flouroquinolones are used to treat what disorders
A

Complicated UTI’s, pneumonia(community aquired)/ chronic bronchitis exacerbation, pyelonephritis infections, skin/bone/joint infections, severe diarrhea or traveler’s diarrhea

39
Q

What antibiotics (plural) are used to treat INPATIENT community acquired pneumonia??

A

Ampicillin/Sulbactam OR Ceftriaxone PLUS azithromycin* (OR levofloxacin)

40
Q

What route has the highest bioavailability?

A

IV

41
Q

What antibiotic would best treat Sinusitis

A

First line treatment would start with Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox).
For bacterial sinusitis that fails to improve after a week of the first-line therapy, bacterial resistance needs to be considered. The provider can then order high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate or a respiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin).

42
Q

What antibiotic would best treat Community Acquired Pneumonia?

A

a. For a previously healthy patient with no cardiopulmonary disease or antibiotics in the last three months, treatment with a newer generation macrolide such as azithromycin or clarithromycin is recommended.

43
Q

If a patient needing azithromycin treatment is allergic to macrolides, what drug would you prescribe instead?

A

doxycycline

44
Q

What antibiotic would you prescribe for MRSA?

A

Clindamycin

Advanced Pharmacology (3 decks)

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