Antibiotic classes Flashcards
Penicillins act on what type of infections?
Gram positive
Which 3 groups of antibiotics have Beta Lactams?
Penecillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenems
Beta Lactam antibiotics act on bacteria by…
breaking down the bacterial cell wall and inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Aminopenecillin’s were created after penecillin group. What important distinction do they have?
They have a beta-lactamase inhibitor
What type of bacteria do aminopenicillins act on?
Gram negative and gram positive
What type of bacteria are aminopenecillins NOT effective on?
Staphalococcus aureus
Remember MRSA
Name examples of aminopenecillins
Methacillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Cephalosporin antibiotics have a root word of…
cef, ceph
Name examples of cephalosprins
cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefdinir
Cephalosporins act on what type of bacteria
gram negative and positive
Frist generation used for gram positive, later generations increasingly effective against gram negative
What should be avoided with cephalosporins?
IV calcium and alcohol
Carbapenem antibiotics have the root word of
penem
Carbapenems work on what type of bacteria
gram positive and gram negative
What medications should be avoided if a patient has a penicillin allergy?
carbapenems and cephalosporins
Give an example of a carbapenem drug
meropenem
Macrolides have the root word of…
thromycin
Give examples of macrolides drugs
erythromycin, azithromycin
what can medication can be prescribed for pneumonia and respiratory infections as an alterative to penecillins?
azithromycin and erythromycin
azithromycin works on what kind of bacteria?
gram positive
Aminoglycosides have what root word?
mycin or micin
What are examples of aminoglycosides?
gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin, amikacin, streptomycin
If a patient is allergic to azithromycin, what alternative medication could be prescribed? Or medication class
Doxycycline (Tetracyclines)
how would you treat uncomplicated UTI
macrobid or bactrim
how would you treat a complicated UTI
oral fluroquinolone: cipro levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones have the root word of:
floxacin
Give an example of a fluoroquinolone
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
What nursing considerations need to be made when a patient is taking ciprofloxacin?
limit sunlight exposure, higher risk of achilles tendon rupture, discontinue with any signs of tendonitis, avoid milk and antacids
fluoroquinolones can be used to treat
gram negative UTI’s, tuberculosis, and some gram positive infections
what can clindamycin be used to treat?
Gram-positive infections
What class of medications can be prescribed as an alternative to penicillin in the event of an allergy?
macrolides- azithromycin, erythromycin
What medication is only used for C. Diff infection?
Fidaxomicin (Dificid)
What is the function of sulfonamides?
Blocks folic acid synthesis
what is the root word for tetracyclines?
cycline
Name some medications that are tetracyclines?
Tetracycline, doxycycline
What medication would a patient be taking if they had the drug reaction of Red Man syndrome?
Vancomycin
What do you need to monitor for for a patient taking vancomycin?
hearing and renal function
Patients with a complicated UTI would be treated with…
fluoroquinolone either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin.
- Flouroquinolones are used to treat what disorders
Complicated UTI’s, pneumonia(community aquired)/ chronic bronchitis exacerbation, pyelonephritis infections, skin/bone/joint infections, severe diarrhea or traveler’s diarrhea
What antibiotics (plural) are used to treat INPATIENT community acquired pneumonia??
Ampicillin/Sulbactam OR Ceftriaxone PLUS azithromycin* (OR levofloxacin)
What route has the highest bioavailability?
IV
What antibiotic would best treat Sinusitis
First line treatment would start with Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox).
For bacterial sinusitis that fails to improve after a week of the first-line therapy, bacterial resistance needs to be considered. The provider can then order high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate or a respiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin).
What antibiotic would best treat Community Acquired Pneumonia?
a. For a previously healthy patient with no cardiopulmonary disease or antibiotics in the last three months, treatment with a newer generation macrolide such as azithromycin or clarithromycin is recommended.
If a patient needing azithromycin treatment is allergic to macrolides, what drug would you prescribe instead?
doxycycline
What antibiotic would you prescribe for MRSA?
Clindamycin
