Antibiotic classes

Question 1

Penicillins act on what type of infections?

Answer 1

Gram positive

Question 2

Which 3 groups of antibiotics have Beta Lactams?

Answer 2

Penecillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenems

Question 3

Beta Lactam antibiotics act on bacteria by…

Answer 3

breaking down the bacterial cell wall and inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Question 4

Aminopenecillin’s were created after penecillin group. What important distinction do they have?

Answer 4

They have a beta-lactamase inhibitor

Question 5

What type of bacteria do aminopenicillins act on?

Answer 5

Gram negative and gram positive

Question 6

What type of bacteria are aminopenecillins NOT effective on?

Answer 6

Staphalococcus aureus

Remember MRSA

Question 7

Name examples of aminopenecillins

Answer 7

Methacillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

Question 8

Cephalosporin antibiotics have a root word of…

Answer 8

cef, ceph

Question 9

Name examples of cephalosprins

Answer 9

cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefdinir

Question 10

Cephalosporins act on what type of bacteria

Answer 10

gram negative and positive

Frist generation used for gram positive, later generations increasingly effective against gram negative

Question 11

What should be avoided with cephalosporins?

Answer 11

IV calcium and alcohol

Question 12

Carbapenem antibiotics have the root word of

Answer 12

penem

Question 13

Carbapenems work on what type of bacteria

Answer 13

gram positive and gram negative

Question 14

What medications should be avoided if a patient has a penicillin allergy?

Answer 14

carbapenems and cephalosporins

Question 15

Give an example of a carbapenem drug

Answer 15

meropenem

Question 16

Macrolides have the root word of…

Answer 16

thromycin

Question 17

Give examples of macrolides drugs

Answer 17

erythromycin, azithromycin

Question 18

what can medication can be prescribed for pneumonia and respiratory infections as an alterative to penecillins?

Answer 18

azithromycin and erythromycin

Question 19

azithromycin works on what kind of bacteria?

Answer 19

gram positive

Question 20

Aminoglycosides have what root word?

Answer 20

mycin or micin

Question 21

What are examples of aminoglycosides?

Answer 21

gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin, amikacin, streptomycin

Question 22

If a patient is allergic to azithromycin, what alternative medication could be prescribed? Or medication class

Answer 22

Doxycycline (Tetracyclines)

Question 23

how would you treat uncomplicated UTI

Answer 23

macrobid or bactrim

Question 24

how would you treat a complicated UTI

Answer 24

oral fluroquinolone: cipro levofloxacin

Question 25

Fluoroquinolones have the root word of:

Answer 25

floxacin

Question 26

Give an example of a fluoroquinolone

Answer 26

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

Question 27

What nursing considerations need to be made when a patient is taking ciprofloxacin?

Answer 27

limit sunlight exposure, higher risk of achilles tendon rupture, discontinue with any signs of tendonitis, avoid milk and antacids

Question 28

fluoroquinolones can be used to treat

Answer 28

gram negative UTI's, tuberculosis, and some gram positive infections

Question 29

what can clindamycin be used to treat?

Answer 29

Gram-positive infections

Question 30

What class of medications can be prescribed as an alternative to penicillin in the event of an allergy?

Answer 30

macrolides- azithromycin, erythromycin

Question 31

What medication is only used for C. Diff infection?

Answer 31

Fidaxomicin (Dificid)

Question 32

What is the function of sulfonamides?

Answer 32

Blocks folic acid synthesis

Question 33

what is the root word for tetracyclines?

Answer 33

cycline

Question 34

Name some medications that are tetracyclines?

Answer 34

Tetracycline, doxycycline

Question 35

What medication would a patient be taking if they had the drug reaction of Red Man syndrome?

Answer 35

Vancomycin

Question 36

What do you need to monitor for for a patient taking vancomycin?

Answer 36

hearing and renal function

Question 37

Patients with a complicated UTI would be treated with...

Answer 37

fluoroquinolone either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin.

Question 38

7. Flouroquinolones are used to treat what disorders

Answer 38

Complicated UTI’s, pneumonia(community aquired)/ chronic bronchitis exacerbation, pyelonephritis infections, skin/bone/joint infections, severe diarrhea or traveler’s diarrhea

Question 39

What antibiotics (plural) are used to treat INPATIENT community acquired pneumonia??

Answer 39

Ampicillin/Sulbactam OR Ceftriaxone PLUS azithromycin* (OR levofloxacin)

Question 40

What route has the highest bioavailability?

Answer 40

IV

Question 41

What antibiotic would best treat Sinusitis

Answer 41

First line treatment would start with Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox). For bacterial sinusitis that fails to improve after a week of the first-line therapy, bacterial resistance needs to be considered. The provider can then order high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate or a respiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin).

Question 42

What antibiotic would best treat Community Acquired Pneumonia?

Answer 42

a. For a previously healthy patient with no cardiopulmonary disease or antibiotics in the last three months, treatment with a newer generation macrolide such as azithromycin or clarithromycin is recommended.

Question 43

If a patient needing azithromycin treatment is allergic to macrolides, what drug would you prescribe instead?

Answer 43

doxycycline

Question 44

What antibiotic would you prescribe for MRSA?

Answer 44

Clindamycin