Exam 1B: Ouelette Chapter 13 Antibiotics Flashcards
Drugs which interferes with the growth or replication of organisms but do not kill the offending organism.
Bacteriostatic
Defined as the lowest concentration of a given antimicrobial at which an organism’s growth is inhibited.
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Drugs which kill bacteria.
bactericidal
Either bactericidal and bacteriostatic concentrations is above a level that can be safely achieved in a patient, that organism is considered _____ to that drug.
resistant
The clinical efficacy is related to “as the concentration of the drug increases, so does the rate and extent of bacterial death”.
Dose-dependent killing
Example of a dose-dependent drug.
Aminoglycosides
Clinical efficacy is related to the duration of time that the minimum inhibitory concentration is maintained.
Time-dependent killing
Example of time-dependent killing drug
Beta-lactam antibiotics.
Phenomenon called when antibiotics agents are administered, bacterial growth is suppressed even after an antibiotic level is no longer detected.
Postantibiotic effect
Name 2 synergistic antibiotics.
- Ampicillin + gentamicin: enterococcal endocarditis
2. Ampicillin + Sulbactam: inhibits enzymatic inactivation
Subclasses of Beta Lactams (5)
- PCNs
- Cephalosporins
- Monobactams
- Beta-lactamase inhibitors
- Carbapenems
This the enzyme that is inhibited by PCN and cephalosporins.
transpeptidase (cross-linking of glycoprotein and AA to form the bacterial cell wall)
Classifications of PCNs
- PCN G and V
- Penicillinase-resistant PCN
- Extended-spectrum PCN
This drug my be administered simultaneously with oral PCNs to competitively inhibit the renal tubular secretion of PCN, thereby raising the serum blood levels.
Probenecid
