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1
Q

What is the geographic perspective?

A

Social, Economic, Environmental, Political

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2
Q

What are key questions in geographic perspective?

A

Why is something there/why does this matter? What can certain patterns tell us about something?

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3
Q

What percentage of Canada’s landmass is the Canadian Shield?

A

50%

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4
Q

Describe the Canadian Shield.

A

Region shaped by large bedrock covered by soil, with a horseshoe shape and thousands of small bites surrounded by bogs and marshes.

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5
Q

What notable geological features does the Canadian Shield hold?

A

Some of the oldest rock on the planet and shorter, rolling hills.

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6
Q

What are some economic activities in the Canadian Shield?

A

Mining, forestry, hydroelectricity.

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7
Q

What are some leisure activities in the Canadian Shield?

A

Hunting, camping.

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8
Q

Name major cities located in the Canadian Shield.

A

Sudbury, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec City, Iqaluit, Thunder Bay, Winnipeg.

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9
Q

What are glacial striations?

A

Scratches or grooves cut into bedrock by glacial movement.

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10
Q

What are some other regions associated with the Canadian Shield?

A

Wapusk National Park, Baffin Islands, Coronation Hills, Lac de Gras, Torngat Mountains, Laurentian Mountains.

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11
Q

Appalachian mountains

A

-east coast of canada
-small region on east coast
-rolling mountains: weathering and erosion has worn away the peaks
-clusters of peninsulas and islands
-tidal intlets and dunes on the coast
-was once a region covered in water

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12
Q

major cities in the appalachian mountains

A

-st johns
-fredricton
-moncton
-charlottetown

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13
Q

other regions (appalachian mountains)

A

-nova scotia highlands
-chaleur bay
-chic-chocs mountains
-gros morne national park
-gaspesie

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14
Q

leisure activities in mountain ranges in appalachian mountains

A

hiking
skiiing
camping
canoeing

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15
Q

leisure activities in the coastal ranges in appalachian mountains

A

whale watching
hiking
camping
sea kayaking
deep sea fishing

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16
Q

economic activities at appalachian mountains

A

mining
tourism
agriculture
fishing

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17
Q

what are the seven major plates

A

african
antarctic
eurasian
indo australian
north american
pacific
south american

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18
Q

what is the crust made of

A

dozens of plates

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19
Q

plates move as well as …

A

open and close ocean basins, form volcanoes, raise mountains, accumulate mineral and petroleum deposits, and influence evolution and climate change

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20
Q

why do plates move

A

because inside the esrth there is a liquid layer called magma, which is very hot. the convection currents that result from heating and cooling moves the plates

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21
Q

types of plate movements

A

-plates are not joined together, only touching
-plates move because molten rock below moves them (due to the movement of convection (heat) currents
-where the plates meet are called boundaries

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22
Q

subduction

A

it takes place at a convergent boundary, one plate drives (subducts) beneath the other, resulting in a variety of earthquakes and volcanoes on the overriding plate (coming a ridge)

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23
Q

definition of climate

A

daily weather condition of a place over a long period of time

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24
Q

weathering

A

is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces (sediment) entire mountains can be weathered into sediment by wind water or chemicals

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25
renewable
can be continually harvested from nature
26
non renewable
made by nature through prolonged process
27
types of energy in canada
wind oil sands solar tidal geothermal hydro
28
ways we use energy
heating and cooling systems manufacturing products lighting transportation
29
L in lower near water
earths curvature causes suns energy to be less concentrated at the poles than near the equator (closer it is to the equator, the warmer it is)
30
ocean currents
can be warmer or cooler than water around it, air above water is affected by the temperature of the water as it passed over
31
winds and and air masses
air mass -> a large volume of air that has the temperature and humidity of the location where it was formed. if formed over water, air is wet. if formed iver land, air is dry. patterns: prevailing winds. the westerlies (west of canada) is controlled via jet stream. both of jet stream is colder than south. jet stream moves forward in summer for eh north, and backwards in winter.
32
elevation
height the land is above sea level. as air rises it expands due to the decrease in air pressure. as air expands it cools. since cold air can’t hold as much moisture (water vapour) as warmer air, when the air cools the water vapour condensed into liquid water droplets. once the droplets are big enough they fall as rain or snow, depending on the temperature .
33
Renewable and nonrenewable
can be continuously harvested from nature Made by nature through prolonged the process
34
Way we use energy
Heating/cooling system Manufacturing products Lighting Transportation
35
types of energy in Canada
Wind Oil sand Solar Tidal Geothermal Hydro
36
ecological footprint
Measurement of how much of the earth your lifestyle requires
37
Bio capacity
The ability of ecosystems to regenerate demands
38
Secondary industry, primary industry, tertiary industry
industries that must produce things provided by primary jobs Careers involving extracting resources from nature Anything providing a service to the community
39
natural disasters/forest fires
occurred in any forest bigger or small 48% of Forest fires are caused by lightning 52% are caused by human activity There are sometimes controlled and sometimes accidental Impact Could be bad or good If it burns near homes, communities, more lives can be threatened
40
Population density
Average number of people living per kilometre squared
41
pull factor
forces that attract people to new places and draw them away from their previous locations
42
Push factor
Factors that drive people to leave their previous location for a new place
43
Refugee class
People who move to another country who fear for their safety in their home country
44
Demography
Study of populations, population, density, historical trends, and population growth
45
Birth rate
Number of births per 1000 people births divided by population multiplied by 100
46
Population pyramids
Are used to allow geographers to study the structure of a particular population
47
Dependency load
Any person who is not working or contributing to the countries’s economy is considered a dependent
48
Why does the government use population pyramids?
To predict future healthcare needs to plan employment and education opportunities to adjust immigration qualities
49
indigenous issues
Racial stereotyping Discrimination Loss of culture 40% of off reserve, indigenous children live in poverty 43% of office, reserve, indigenous, children, lack basic dental care
50
what was the treaty sign in our
itead of the lake treaty number 14, with the Mississauga’s of the credit in 1806
51
urban sprawl
The rapid spread of development outward from the inner city Before popularity of cars , cities made me groove vertically, but in the mid 20th century, they started to expand horizontally
52
contributing factors
Creation of interstate and high-speed highways Presence of inexpensive land on city periphery
53
Toronto
The city of Toronto and 25 surrounding municipalities have grown together into the GTA Takes 1.5 hours to drive from the west end to the east end Development continues to expand outward
54
Population distribution
population density measures how many people per kilometre square of land population distribution looks at patterns Canada’s population is not distributed evenly across Canada Settlement patterns in Canada vary Ormus from large
55
cities to rural areas
Population distribution The pattern of where people live in Norwegian or country
56
three types of population distribution
dispersed Concentrated Linear
57
dispersed
People are spread out, example, in an agricultural area
58
Concentrated
People are close together, example, in a city
59
Linear
patterns exist when population is concentrated in a line, example, along a major highway
60
Transportation land use
33% of developed land in Canadian cities is used for roads plus highways

Geography (4 decks)

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