Exam

Question 1

Describe CPR

Answer 1

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Used to treat cardiopulmonary arrest

Question 2

Define CPCR, why do we use it now?

Answer 2

Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation
Lately recognized that it is critical to keep the brain function while keeping the patient alive

Question 3

3 ways animals differ from humans in terms of CPCR

Answer 3

Etiology of CPA
Response to physical resuscitation
Response to drugs

Question 4

What is the percentage of humans that are initially resuscitated?

Answer 4

40-60%

Question 5

What percentage of humans leave the hospital after resuscitation?

Answer 5

17%

Question 6

What is the percentage of dogs and cats are initially resuscitated?

Answer 6

Dogs - 13%
Cats - 15.6%

Question 7

What percentage of dogs and cats get discharged from the hospital after resuscitation?

Answer 7

Dogs - 4.1%
Cats - 9.6%

Question 8

Why such a small percentage of animals released from the hospital?

Answer 8

Most often rearrest, and are euthanized due to complications

Question 9

Ethical questions to ask yourself before resuscitating

Answer 9

Should we resuscitate terminally ill patients?
Should we resuscitate animals that are likely going to suffer quality of life issues?

Question 10

What does BLS consist of?

Answer 10

Airway, breathing, and circulation (some drugs)

Question 11

What does ALS consist of?

Answer 11

Airway, breathing, circulation, ECG, and defibrillation
As well as possible internal cardiac massage

Question 12

What kind of facilities can provide BLS?

Answer 12

Most clinics

Question 13

What kind of facilities can provide ALS?

Answer 13

Critical care and emergency facilities

Question 14

CABD

Answer 14

Circulation
Airway
Breathing
Drugs

Question 15

How do you assess circulation?

Answer 15

Auscultate the chest
Palpate the pulse
Assess MM colour and CRT

Question 16

When don’t you perform compressions?

Answer 16

When the heart is still beating

Question 17

Compressions are performed at the … in what recumbency?

Answer 17

5th and 6th intercostal space
Right recumbency

Question 18

Compressions for small animals place fingers…

Answer 18

Under chest and thumb to compress

Question 19

For compressions on medium sized patients…

Answer 19

Put 1 hand under the chest, and use the heel of the other hand to perform compressions

Question 20

For compressions on a large animal…

Answer 20

Put a book or sandbag under the chest and use both hands to do compressions

Question 21

What is the general compression speed?

Answer 21

100 compressions per minute, slower for large animals and faster for small animals

Question 22

What pressure are you changing when doing compressions?

Answer 22

Intrathoracic pressure

Question 23

What do compressions improve? What do they increase?

Answer 23

Improves venous return to the heart
Increased cardiac output

Question 24

Where to palpate a pulse when doing compressions

Answer 24

Femoral or lingual pulse

Question 25

Other tools to confirm CPCR is effective

Answer 25

Doppler, SPO2, and capnometer

Question 26

What to do if compressions are not effective

Answer 26

Change position of patient
Change hand position
Increase strength of compressions
Change person performing compressions
Perform internal compressions

Question 27

What vein is most often used for emergencies?

Answer 27

Jugular

Question 28

What can happen if you use the intracardiac route during emergencies?

Answer 28

Pulmonary laceration
Cardiac trauma
Pneumothorax

Question 29

Most common drugs used in emergencies

Answer 29

Epinephrine
Vasopressin
Atropine
Lidocaine
Dopamine