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Basic Assessment of Health Exam > EXAM > Flashcards

EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What is health screening?

A

A way to assess peoples Potential diseases

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2
Q

What are 5 common medical conditions caught with health screening?

A
  1. High Cholesterol
  2. Diabetes
  3. High Blood pressure
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. Overweight and obesity
  6. prostate cancer in men
  7. Colorectal cancer
  8. breast cancer and cervical cancer
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3
Q

What is one of the most important steps to high-quality health screenings?

A

Operating high-quality services through a quality assurance system

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4
Q

Name 4 potential harms with health screenings?

A
  1. Over-diagnosis
  2. False negatives
  3. False positives
  4. Diverting health resources
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5
Q

Name 4 benefits of health screening

A
  1. increasing choice
  2. reducing severity, including less invasive treatment
  3. reducing incidence
  4. reducing deaths
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6
Q

What is health promotion and how is it different than a health screening?

A

Promotion encourages the person to prevent disease, screening catches disease

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7
Q

What are 5 topics chiropractors are well suited for teaching health promotions?

A
  1. developing public policy
  2. developing personal skills
  3. strengthening community action
  4. creating supportive environments
  5. reorienting health services
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8
Q

What are some health promotion success in our population?

A

Smoking, skin cancer, seatbelts, drunk driving, HIV, Alcohol, Breast exams, colon cancer testing

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9
Q

What is the difference between sensitivity and specificity?

A

Sensitivity test for people with disease, specific test for people without disease

sensitivity is positive bc its good to be sensitity

specifity is hard to say so negative, how likey is a test to be correlcty neg

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10
Q

What are 5 approaches to health promotion?

A

Med/Prevent, Behaviour change, Education, Empowerment, Social Change

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11
Q

What is Primary Prevention in the Medical or Preventative approach?

A

Prevent disease in the first place

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12
Q

Is the Empowerment Approach a top-down or a bottom-up approach??

A

Bottom - up

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13
Q

What are 8 National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs)?

A

Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions, Asthma, Cancer control, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Mental health, Injury prevention and control, Obesity, Dementia

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14
Q

Why are NHPAs important to focus on?

A

Costly to the community, costly to loss of life, costly to the community

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15
Q

What is the number one killer in Australia?

A

Heart Disease

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16
Q

What is the number one disease burden in Australia?

A

Cancer

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17
Q

Why was cardiovascular health selected for the NHPA?

A

Largest cause of preventable deaths, expensive

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18
Q

What 3 NHPAs are chiropractors well placed?

A

Arthritis, Cardiovascular disease, obesity

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19
Q

What is the food Tick Program?

A

Food health rating compared to similar foods

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20
Q

Why is BMI important?

A

Obesity impacts a lot of NHPAs – diabetes, CVD, Cancer, Injuries

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21
Q

What is the Direct Cost to disease?

A

Health care services, meds, cost of prevention strategies

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22
Q

What is the Indirect Cost to disease?

A

Lost work, unpaid care, lost productivity, unnecessary travel

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23
Q

Why Is Mental Health selected for a NHPA?

A

Is it the leading cause of non-fatal disease burden

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24
Q

What is the most common form of diabetes?

A

Type 2 Mellitus

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25
Q

How much of communication is based on non-verbal body language, verbal and vocal?

A

Non verbal = 55%
Verbal = 7%
Vocal = 38%

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26
Q

Name 3 common postures and what they convey

A
  1. Leaning into a conversation or toward someonetypically suggests interest or excitement.
  2. Standing up straight, sometimes with hands on hips,can suggest excitement, eagerness, and confidence.
  3. Standing straight with hands at the sidesis a common resting position that suggests a willingness to engage and listen.
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27
Q

What 6 feeling can we read from a person face?

A
  1. Happiness
  2. Sadness
  3. Displeasure
  4. Anger
  5. Fear
  6. Interest
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28
Q

What role do cultural differences play in non-verbal communication

A

Eye contact and nodding can mean different things

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29
Q

How do developmental differences affect reading body language?

A

Cues may be different meaning for neurodiverse people

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30
Q

How can psychological differences impact understanding body language?

A

Mental health impacts body language, anxiety decreases eye contact

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31
Q

Name 5 types of body language?

A
  1. EYE CONTACT,
  2. FACIAL EXPRESSION,
  3. POSTURES AND STANCE,
  4. GESTURES,
  5. SPACE RELATIONSHIP
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32
Q

What can too little eye contact communicate?

A

not paying attention, impolite, insincere, shy

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33
Q

What can rapid eye blinking mean?

A

stress
dishonesty

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34
Q

What is the difference between a genuine and a insincere smile?

A

eyes

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35
Q

What does a person convey when they are sitting with their legs and arms crossed?

A

closed off, not receptive

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36
Q

What message is expressed when a person steps away when you step towards them?

A

threatened

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37
Q

What is the first step in presenting health promotion to your audience?

A

Knowing your audience

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38
Q

Why are empathy and compassion are powerful tools in communication?

A

Shows genuine concern and create a supportive environment that encourages open dialogue

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39
Q

Why should you avoid using medical jargon?

A

Helps bridge the gap between medical expertise and client understanding.

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40
Q

How do you avoid making assumptions?

A

Asking open ended questions

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41
Q

How do you frame health promotion positively

A

Focus on benefits instead of risks and downsides.

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42
Q

Why is it important to frame health promotion positively?

A

Inspire motivation and encouragement for client to take an active role

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43
Q

How to show respect towards individual choices?

A

Avoid judgement, encourage an open dialogue

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44
Q

How do you show you are using evidence-based information?

A

Support your recommendations with scientific evidence from reputable sources

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45
Q

Why is using evidence-based information important?

A

Fosters trust and confidence in your clients

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46
Q

Why is active listening important?

A

demonstrates that you value their opinions and perspectives

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47
Q

What are examples of good non-verbal communication?

A

Maintain good eye contact, use open and inviting body language, and show genuine interest

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48
Q

How do you encourage engagement with the client?

A

Encourage Two-Way Communication

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49
Q

Why is it important to obtain a good clinical history from a client

A

Good, accurate history

50
Q

What are three steps in the diagnostic process?

A
  1. Form Differential Diagnoses and problems not to be missed on the basis of history findings
  2. Form a Working Diagnosis
  3. Establish a Definitive Diagnosis.
51
Q

Why should practitioners diagnose their clients

A

It gives the basis for where treatment will follow

52
Q

What are 4 components of the case history?

A

Pat details, complaint, life factors, systems review

53
Q

Where does 80% of the diagnosis come from?

A

history

54
Q

What are the specific areas questioned when evaluating the chief complaint or presenting illness?

A

LODCTRRAPPA

55
Q

What does LODCTRRAPPA stand for?

A

L – Location Site
O – Onset/Cause
D – Duration
C – Course/Frequency
T – Type/Character/Intensity
R – Radiations
R – Relieving factors
A – Aggravating factors
P – Hx of Previous episode
P – Previous Hx of Tx/Investigations
A – Associated Sx

56
Q

What are 7 primary Masquerades?

A

Depression, Diabetes, Drugs, Anaemia, Thyroid and endocrine disorders, Spinal dysfunction, UTI

57
Q

What is a “good posture”?

A

distributes gravitational stress,

58
Q

Name 4 things that affect postural development?

A
  1. Bony contours
  2. Laxity of ligamentous structures
  3. Fascial & musculotendinous tightness
  4. Muscle tonus
  5. Pelvic angle
  6. Joint position
  7. mobility
59
Q

Name 2 main causes of poor posture?

A

Positional and structural factors

60
Q

Name 2 poor posture positional factors?

A
  1. Muscle imbalances
  2. appears too tall
  3. pain
  4. respiratory conditions
61
Q

Name 2 poor posture structural factors?

A
  1. Congenital abnormalities, 2. Developmental problems
  2. trauma, disease
62
Q

What are 2 main postural deviations?

A

Static and dynamic

63
Q

What is the difference between Varus and Valgus leg postures?

A

Varus is bowlegged, Valgus is knock-kneed

64
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

65
Q

Name 5 causes of Lordosis

A

Postural deformity, Lax muscles (esp. abs), Heavy abdomen, Compensatory mechanism, Hip flexion contractur, Spondylolisthesi, Congential problems, high heels

66
Q

What should always be asked for before performing an exam?

A

Consent

66
Q

What is Swayback?

A

Lordosis of the low back often with kyphosis of the mid back

67
Q

Name 5 exam elements?

A
  1. Look
  2. Feel
  3. Tap
  4. Listen
  5. Access Function
68
Q

Define physical exam ?

A

Complete assessment of a patient’s physical and mental status

69
Q

Name 4 vital signs?

A
  1. Heart Rate
  2. Blood Pressure
  3. Temperature
  4. Respiratory
70
Q

Name 3 things to look for on hands and fingers?

A
  1. temperature
  2. colour
  3. cubbing
71
Q

Name 4 things to look for on a neck exam?

A
  1. Symmetry
  2. Masses/scars
  3. Range of motion
    4.Posture
72
Q

What is a normal rating for muscle strength?

A

5

73
Q

Why is it important to obtain vital signs from a patient?

A

A way to access overall physical function

74
Q

What is a normal temperature?

A

38

75
Q

What is the difference between surface and core temperature?

A

Core – temp of deep tissues, Surface – Skin temp

76
Q

What is the pulse rate for tachycardia and bradycardia?

A

Tachy - >100bpm, Brady - <60bpm

77
Q

What is a pulse deficit?

A

Diff in pulse between apical and radial – weak heart

78
Q

Where is the apical pulse found?

A

Just lateral to the lower sternum under the pectoralis muscle (apex of heart)

79
Q

What can increase respiratory rates?

A

Fever, illness

80
Q

What is a normal blood pressure?

A

120/80

81
Q

What things can affect the blood pressure measurement?

A

Cardiovasc disorders, neurological disorders, kidney and urological disorders

82
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension?

A

low BP when getting up

83
Q

What is a normal blood oxygen saturation level?

A

> 95%

84
Q

How is blood oxygen saturation measured?

A

Pulse Oximeter

85
Q

What is a fall (definition)?

A

A fall is defined as an event whereby an individual comes to rest on the ground or other lower level with or without the loss of consciousness

86
Q

What is Australia’s number one cause of injury hospitalisation and death

A

falls

87
Q

Name 3 seniors falls facts?

A

Fall once = more, women 3x more to be hospitalised, men die more

88
Q

What are 5 impacts of falls?

A
  1. Psychological,
  2. Prolonged hospital
  3. Low of Independence
  4. Secondary Complications
  5. Low survival Rates
89
Q

What percentage will not survive?

A

30%

90
Q

What are 6 Fall Injury Levels?

A

None, Minor, Moderate, Major, Death, UTD

91
Q

What is HEAR ME checklist?

A

Hazards, Educate, Anticipate, Round, Materials, Exercise

92
Q

What is a mental health screening (MSE)?

A

An attempt at an objective assessment of the current state of the person’s mind

93
Q

Name 5 perceptual disturbances?

A

Halluciinations, illusions, depersonalisation, derealisation, dissociation

94
Q

Differences between age related memory loss and dementia?

A

Function independently, remembers forgetfulness, pauses but doesn’t get lost, difficulty finding words but still holds conversation, choice making is retained

95
Q

What are four “D’s” that aren’t dementia?

A

delirium, depression, damaged brain, developmental delay, deficient education

96
Q

Name a mental status exam?

A

MMSE, Mini Cog, Short Blessed, MoCA

97
Q

What is diabetes?

A

A metabolic disease in which the body’s inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood

98
Q

What are 4 types of diabetes?

A

Type1, Type 2, Gestational, Pre-diabetes

99
Q

What are 4 symptoms of diabetes>

A

Excessive thirst, increased urination, unusual weight loss, fatigue, nausea, blurred vision, yeast infections, dry mouth, slow healing sores, itching skin

100
Q

Name 5 risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

A

Genetics, fam hx, polycystic ovary synd, race, age, weight, inactivity

101
Q

What is a gestational diabetes?

A

Pregnant

102
Q

Complications of uncontrolled diabetes?

A

Amputation, heart disease, blindness, stroke, kidney failure, nerve damage

103
Q

What are target blood glucose levels?

A

Under 6 before meals under 7.8 after meals

104
Q

Name 6 signs of skin infection?

A

Pain, Swelling, Redness, Fever, Throbbing, Discharge

105
Q

What does Etiology mean?

A

Cause of disease

106
Q

What are primary skin lesions?

A

Skin changes produce by something

example: mosi bite

107
Q

What are secondary skin lesions?

A

Primary lesion is now a disease

108
Q

What is a “etymology”?

A

The study of the origin and history of words

109
Q

What a examples of Greek influences in medical terminology?

A

GREEK - Arthro, Neuro, Osteo

110
Q

What a examples of Latin influences in medical terminology?

A

LATIN – Musculus, vertebra, medulla

111
Q

What is a “prefix” in medical terminology

A

The beginning part of a word, indicating location, time, number, or status

112
Q

What is a “suffix” in medical terminology

A

The ending that modifies the meaning of the root

113
Q

What does the term ”chiropractic” derive from?

A

From Greek cheir (hand) + praktikos (to do).

114
Q

How is “cardiomyopathy” broken down?

A

Cardio – Heart; Myo – Muscle; pathy – disease

115
Q

What does “Hyperkyphosis” mean?

A

Hyper – excessive; kyphos – hump; sis – condition

116
Q

What are the Greek and Latin words for kidneys?

A

Greek – Nephros (nephrology); Latin – Ren (renal)

117
Q

Itis means

A

Inflammation

118
Q

How is “electromyography” broken down

A

Electro – Electricity; myo – muscle; graphy - record

119
Q

Look at the slide show for more medical terms

A

Basic Assessment of Health Exam (2 decks)

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