EXAM Flashcards
* table with factors and disease
* 2 tests and 4 samples to take for clostridium infection
* how are pigs involved in avian flu transmission to humans and what are the effects on human health?
* two pictures (cyanosis of wattles and comb, and enteritis??)- three ddx
* transmission of ORT (describe)
* connect steps of cleaning/disinfection with the description
* symptoms and postmortem lesions of classical Marek (2 for each)
* table to connect postmortem or clinical signs with the disease
Avian influenza virus strains are divided into virus strains
- velogenic and mesogenic
LPAI strains cause … symptoms and a decrease in egg production, while HPAI strains cause… symptoms and high mortality
- low and highly pathogenic
vaccination against avian influenza is in the European Union
- prohibited
people usually get the infection
- from domestic birds
based on clinical signs, it is not possible to distinguish avian influenza from
- Newcastle disease
THE virus can be detected in the organism
- from respiratory tract secretions
-clinical sign:
> neurological signs; extended neck, uncontrollable legs, paralysis
-DDx:
>Avian influenza
>New Castle disease (ND)
>Salmonellosis
-pathological findings:
>liver: spotty, nodular
-DDx:
> Marek’s disease (MD)
> Avian leucosis
> Colicobacteriosis
> Ascaridiosis
> Quail bronchitis (rare)
clinical signs associated with necrotic enteritis in chickens are
-diarrhea
-inappetite
-wekaness and lethargy
-weight loss
causes of cloacal prolapse and possible preventive measures
-causes:
>excessive egg-laying
>improper diet
-prevention:
>balanced diet
>controlled laying
(reduce stress!!-noise, humidity, temperature)
pathological finding to > disease
- skin inflammation, feather loss, anemia, death > PSITTACOSIS
- possible encephalitis, enteritis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia or poly arthritis > INFECTION FROM CHICKEN MITES
- nodular liver with varying sizes and fat structures > AVIAN LEUCOSIS
- bruising on the legs, shanks, and internal organs > NEWCASTLE DISEASE
- localized purulent inflammations in multiple organs > PASTEURELLOSIS
- enlarged and hemorrhagic cecal tonsils > AVIAN INFECTIOUS ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
- neurodegeneration of brain tissue > AVIAN INFLUENZA
- cecum filled with cheese-like exudate > AVIAN PARATYPHOID
Describe possible clinical signs (at least 3) and possible preventive measures (at least 3) related to PARATYPHOID INFECTION in domestic birds
-clinical signs:
>diarrhea: watery or bloody
>weakness and lethargy: birds weak, inactive and tired
>weight loss and loss of appetite: birds rapidly loose weight and refuse to eat
-preventive measures:
>good hygiene: poultry houses clean, remove manure regularly, disinfect facilities
>quarantine: new or sick birds isolated until it is confirmed they are not carriers of infection
>vaccination: use vaccines
False or true about New Castle disease vaccination (2 vikaa väärin)
-only those herds with over 100 birds are vaccinated > TRUE
-birds can also be vaccinated during laying period > TRUE
-the success of vaccination is assessed through monitoring tests > TRUE
-only healthy birds are allowed to be vaccinated > TRUE
!-the previous vaccination program’s cleansing is not necessary > FALSE
!-Vaccination is not mandatory in Estonia > FALSE
explain in you’re own words the species susceptible to Marek’s disease, the spread of infection and transmission
-susceptible:
>poultry - especially chickens and turkeys
-spread of infection:
>respiration: aerosols, inhalation
>infection spreads via secretions of infected birds : SALIVA, BLOOD, FECES
>contact and contaminated environemnt (fomites)
>infection can be present in poultry house dust
-transmission:
>airborne transmission, direct contact with infected birds
>fomites
>environment: feed, water, soil
>transmission via poutry house dust containing the virus
>via infected eggs
Match pathogens and hazards with numbers. Note that some pathogens are left unpaired.
-pullorum:
>6. Salmonella pullorum
-ornithosis:
>10. Chlamydia psittaci
-infectious bronchitis of birds:
>5. Coronaviridae family virus
-Marek’s disease:
>7. Mardivirus, Herpesviridae family
-Necrotic enteritis:
>9. Clostridium perfringens
-infectious burial disease of birds:
>3. Avibirnavirus genus virus
-cecal coccidiosis:
>2. Eimeria tenella
-ornithobacteriosis:
>4. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
in relation to biosecurity, explain what sanitation is and why it is necessary
- sanitation:
>process maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in order to prevent the spread of disease-causing agents - purpose:
>necessary to eliminate or reduce presence of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, from environment
>helps to prevent transmission of diseases among humans, animals and plants
>promote overall health and well-being by creating safer and healthier living conditions
