Exam Flashcards
What breed was hunted for extinction in Ireland?
Irish wolfhound
How did George Augustus Graham recreate the Irish Wolfhound?
Crossed with greyhound with Scottish Deerhound
Lockwood Article:
Why have people who claim to admire and respect dogs been responsible for imposing so much suffering?”
Dog lovers themselves (have) misplaced (their) devotion to the trapping of status”
Rather than getting bulldogs to “save it,” people get French bulldogs
What dog is prone to cancer?
German shepherds are prone to cancer
English people came across and were speechless when they saw the dog, so they took them back, hence why they’re popular in England.
What dog did they take?
The Newfoundland Dog
Many dogs were referred to as Newfoundland dogs (ex. The labrador)
Which dog was at first, known as a labrador?
St. John’s Water Dogs
Known for hauling nets for fishermen. British bought them because they wanted them for the same purpose. Which breed was it?
St. John’s Water Dogs
What breed has a double coat to keep them warm when swimming in water?
St. John’s Water Dogs
Labrador retrievers were formed from which dog breed?
St. John’s Water Dogs
When were purebreds invented?
Pure breds were invented in the victorian era - invented
T/F
Dog names are based on their origin
True
Example: Chihuahua from chihuahua mexico
Who addressed the need to sensibly modify breeds of animals?
aka - sensibly modify means to be more appropriate
Charles Darwin
Can you get a get a non-hunting dog to hunt?
Nope - Can’t get a non-hunting dog to hunt
Did people ever eat dogs?
People would eat Ancient breeds like Xoloitzcuintli (Mexican hairless)
Which dogs’ fur was used for clothes but ended up dying due to the fur trade
Salish Wool Dog:
What were little dogs used for and where did they come from?
Little dogs were used for companionship many have come from the middle east and asia
Which dogs are considered Pre-Breeds?
Retrievers
Sheepdog
Guarddog
Who wrote a series of books on dogs?
John Henry Walsh (aka Stonehedge)
When and where were the first dog shows?
Newcastle, 1859
What breeds were present at these shows?
Pointers and Setters
What drove the creation of breeds?
Dog shows drove the creation of breeds (a dog fancy)
What are the 5 Aspects of Breeding?
5 Aspects of Breeding:
Conformation: Adheres to the physical breed standard
Uniformity: They look the same
Distinct: distinct from other breeds
Inheritable: Characteristics are inheritable (personality not inheritable)
Changeable: able to change
In the Victorian Era what type of dogs did the upper class have?
Sporting dogs
In the Victorian Era what type of dogs did the Middle class have?
Fashionable breeds
In the Victorian Era what type of dogs did women have?
Toy breeds & fashion icons
What are Trader professionals?
Dog dealers, people who sell dogs for profit
What are Gentlemen-Amateurs?
Dog lovers
Class system
Breeding begets breeding
Which dog shows did farmers bring their dogs?
The Manchester show Dog Shows, 1909
What was Intentional dog breeding used for?
Intentional dog breeding was a way that you could get the dog to do what you want them to do.
Who started the scoring system where you’d score dogs’ different body parts?
John Henry Walsh (aka Stonehedge)
Dog scoring systems were based on which animal?
Pigeon
What is “Fraction Theory” or “Equal Factor System”
After each mating with pure basset, the beagle factor would be reduced
Twice in, one out-breed twice, then breed one out
“After inbreeding for nearly 20 years, it was obvious that the English Basset required _______.”
fresh blood
How many generations does it take to not be able to figure out which breed is the outlier?
Only takes 4 generations to not be able to figure out which breed is the outlier (it’s healthy for them too!)
“Stonehenge” on backcrossing (goal to outbreed a certain breed of dog)
What did he do to prove he knew what he was talking about?
To show he knew what he was talking about he crossed a bulldog with a greyhound
T/F
Doodles are not hypoallergenic.
True
Which country was one of the first countries to offer dog insurance?
Sweden
Why does the greyhound need to have a long, coned snout?
For aerodynamics, they’re built for running, so they can breathe easier. Moreover they can see distance easier but up close they have trouble.
Brachycephalic dogs have ___% vision, horses have ____% vision.
Dogs -80%
Horses - 100%
T/F
Greyhounds nearly have tunnel vision
True
The narrower you see, the farther you see.
What is C-BARQ?
It is a measure of breed behaviours.
Which dogs have very low scores for chasing, attachment, attention seeking?
Huskies
Which dogs have low scores for trainability, chasing, escaping/roaming?
Siberian Huskies
Which dogs have very low fear (possibly the lowest?)
Huskies
Stimulus that decreases the immediately preceding behaviour such that it’s less likely to occur in the future.
Punishment definition
T/F
Punishment oftentimes does work.
False
Punishment oftentimes does not work. An example is smacking a dog on the nose.
Which television person trains (abuses) dogs
Cesar Molan
Does Cesar Molan have a degree in animal behaviour?
hahaha nope
What are some methods that ‘dominance’ style dog trainers use?
Walk through doors first
Walk upstairs first
Denying attention or affection
Eating before a dog
Taking food away as they eat
Never allowing dogs on furniture
Pinning dogs to the floor and holding them there (the dominance down)
Staring at a dog until they submit
Finger jabs accompanied with “shhhh!”
Mean use of collars – electric, shock, pinch, etc.
What style of training is Cesar Molan?
Cesar is a dominance style trainer.
T/F
Dogs are pack animals
Dogs are NOT pack animals!
T/F
Electronic training has been proven good for dogs.
Electronic training has been SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN to be bad for dogs.
T/F
Negative punishment is to take something away.
True
What is Classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is the process in which an automatic, conditioned response is paired with specific stimuli. ex giving your dog a treat after every trick
What is Operant Conditioning?
Operant Conditioning:
Schedules of reinforcements means you reward your dog every time it does something good, or every two times, or every five times, etc.
What is one of the biggest problems resulting from the wrong kind of training?
Aggression
Anxious
Is Training is a welfare issue?
yup
3 Rules of Learning: (Ian Dunbar)
Feedback is binary
Analogue
Appropriate punishment
Bianary feedback
2 Distinct parts of information of input
Positive (give something)
Negative (take something away)
What is Analogue learning?
consistent, continuous feedback
Appropriate punishment
Punishment doesn’t have to be painful or horrible (it can be positive)
Percentage of dogs not owned
80% of dogs not owned - 700,000 dogs unowned
Are feral dogs are domesticated?
yes
What two animals are island dogs?
New Guinea singing dog and the dingo are island dogs
Major apex predator in Australia
dingoes
T/F
African wild dogs are dogs.
False:
African wild dogs are not dogs
Are dingos domesticated or only semi domesticated?
Domesticated gone feral or wild animals not yet domesticated
What is the difference between feral and stray?
(feral is not socialized, but stray dogs socialize and are around humans; stray dogs often had a previous owner, lost dogs)
What are the Degrees of Unownedness?
Degrees of Unownedness:
Feral
Stray
Free-roaming
Abandoned
Unwanted
Instead of using the term ‘alpha’ for wolves, scientists now use the term ‘______’
‘breeding’
What is pecking order?
a hierarchy of status seen among members of a group of people or animals, originally as observed among hens.
T/F
Interactions are key to creating a hierarchy
True
180 dogs
How many were adapted and how many were?
64% of dogs were adopted, 32% were euthanized
T/F
How the pen looks (decoration, comfortability, plants/colours/blankets vs. no decorations or colour can make a difference to the adopters)?
True
What was the factor most dogs were chosen on?
Most dogs picked based on appearance
T/F
Dark coloured dogs are simply not adopted as commonly
True
T/F
Dogs with behavioural issues are more likely to get adopted than dogs surrendered due to cost.
True
Are puppies more likely to be adopted than adult dogs?
Yes
Lap dogs are more frequently adopted than purebreds?
True
Shitzu mixes were more commonly adopted than Border Collie mixes?
True
Why do dogs bite?
Stress
Territory
Frightened
Nipping
Age or injury
T/F
Yawning and nose licking is sign of aggression
Yawning and nose licking is sign of aggression (means they are anxious or nervous, not relaxed apparently)
Chances of being bit by a dog is…
Chances of being bit by a dog 6%
Who are at the highest risk of being bitten by a dog?
kids are at the highest risk
Dog bites = in 10s of millions of injuries annually;
True
Epidemiology of dog bites:
Epidemiology: Study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations
Should you run in case of a dog attack?
If there is a dog attack - DO NOT RUN
The act that includes all the rules regarding the dog and its owner
Dog owners liability act
Which place has one of the best bylaws in place pertaining to dogs?
Calgary
Origin of dog fighting
Massachusettes. 1800s
What dogs were the first fighting dogs?
Pit bulls were originally pit dogs (fighting dogs)
What did pitbulls turn into?
family dogs aka nanny dogs
1 in 10 dogs may be trained to fight
True - a lot dont want to fight
Who is Sargent Stubby?
Messenger War dog hero
Who was Buster browns best friend?
a pitbull
What dog was in the little rascals? Breed and name
Petety (The Little Rascals pit bull)
What makes up a dogs bite force?
Pounds per square mass (makes up the bite force)
When were pitbulls looked at as a bad dog breed (dangerous one)?
1970s - Rise in crime
Guard dogs wanted
Ontario Pit Bull Law:
Illegal for any pit bull to enter Ontario
Must be spade or nurtured
Muzzled
If they bit (10,000 fine and up to 6 months in prison)
Other pit bulls were grandfathered
Biggest factors for dog attacks?
Factors:
Known dogs
Location
Supervision of children (unsupervised)
What dogs caused the most fatalities in Canada?
Sled dogs
Mixed breeds
Multiple dogs
How many scent receptors do dogs have?
Dogs have around 300 million scent receptors (humans only have 5 million)
How do dogs tell time?
Dogs tell “time” through smell (a piece of clothing starts losing smell during certain periods in the day, dogs then figure out their owner will be coming home soon)
If a single drop of amyl acetate was placed in barrels full of water, could a dog sniff it out?
Study they put barrels filled with water and one had a single drop of amyl acetate (dog could pick it out)
Best breeds for airport security:
Belgian Malinois
Labs
Vizsladors
German Sheppards
How much does it cost to train a police dog and when is the best to do it?
Train at 1 year old
$46,000 to train a dog
