EXAM Flashcards
What is newtons 1st law
Law of inertia, an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force
What is newtons 2nd law
F = ma (Force = Mass X Acceleration), states that acceleration of an object is directly related to the net force and inversely related to its mass meaning if you know the mass and acceleration of an object you can calculate the force and visa versa
What is newtons 3rd law?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is a first class lever?
In first class levers the force and resistance are on opposite sides of the axis, an example is a see saw
What is a second class lever?
In a second class lever, the resistance is between the force and the axis, an example is standing on tiptoes, the toes are the axis, the downwards resistance is the body weight and the upwards force is applied by the calf muscles.
What is a third class lever?
Third class levers are when the force is in-between the resistance and the axis, these are very common in the body almost every time you swing or throw something in your hand.
What are some acute responses to the respiratory system?
Increased ventilation, increased diffusion
What are some acute responses to the cardiovascular system?
Increased cardiac output, increased blood pressure, increased a-vO2 difference, blood redistribution, increased venous return, decreased blood volume
What are some examples of acute responses in the muscular system?
Increased motor unit recruitment, increased muscle temperature, decreased energy substrates, increased by-products
What are some examples of individual constraints
Body size (weight/height), mental skills (attention/confidence/concentration), perceptual skills (anticipation/reading the play), fitness level (aerobic capacity/muscular strength)
What are some examples of environmental constraints
Physical environment, weather conditions, terrain, societal norms, access to coaching, teammates/family support
What are some examples of task constraints
Rules of the game, available resources and equipment, team size and number of players, knowledge of instructions about how to complete a task
What is the definition of inertia
Is the tendency for an object to resist a change in its state of motion, both when it is at rest and in motion. Inertia is directly related to mass, a larger mass will result in a greater inertia.
What is momentum?
Momentum is the amount of motion that a moving object has. Calculated by mass X velocity.
What is conservation of momentum?
Refers to how momentum is conserved in a collision, the total net momentum before a collision is equal to the total net momentum after the collision
What is summation of momentum
Refers to an object being released or struck with maximum velocity, when the aim is to hit or throw the object as far as possible, momentum is generated through the body sequentially starting with body parts closest to the centre of gravity
What is impulse?
Impulse is the change in momentum of an object and is the product of force and time (force X time)
What is Newton’s first law of angular motion?
States that the angular momentum of an object will remain constant unless acted upon by an external torque, torque is simply a rotational force applied NOT through the centre of gravity (think of it as a twist)
What is Newton’s second law of angular motion?
States that a torque applied to an object will cause a change in the angular motion of the object that is proportional to the size of the torque, and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia that the object has.
What is the moment of inertia?
The tendency of an object to resist changes to its rotation, mass X radius2
What is torque
A torque is simply a rotational force (think of it as a twist)
What is Newton’s third law of angular motion?
States that for every torque, there is an equal and opposite torque
What is angular motion?
The amount of angular motion that an object has is defined as angular momentum, moment of inertia X angular velocity
Why do we conduct fitness tests? (Give 2)
Generally to establish a baseline which can be compared to post test results to measure improvement. To provide motivation, to predict potential, to identify and individuals strengths/weaknesses, as selection criteria.
What are the 2 aims and protocols of fitness testing
Validity, does the test actually measure what it claims.
Reliability, does the test produce consistent results that are reliable.
How do you ensure reliability in fitness testing?
Make sure the tests are conducted at the same time of day, in the same environment, with all of the same external and internal factors
What are some Aerobic power fitness tests?
VO2 max test, 20m shuttle run test
What are some agility fitness tests?
SEMO agility test, Illinois agility test
What are some Anaerobic capacity fitness tests?
Phosphate recovery test, 300m shuttle run test
What are some fitness tests to test body composition?
Body mass index, waist circumference
What are some fitness tests for flexibility?
Sit and reach test, shoulder rotation test
What are some fitness tests for Muscular endurance?
Timed sit-ups, timed push-ups
What are some tests for muscular strength?
1RM on bench press/squat, handgrip dynamometer test
What are some ways to test muscular power through fitness testing
Standing vertical jump, maximum basketball chest throw
What are some fitness tests for speed
Sprint test
What is aerobic power?
The ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory system to supply fuel and oxygen to the muscles, and the ability of the muscles to use the oxygen for physical activity.
What is body composition?
The proportion of fat-free mass compared to fat mass
What is flexibility?
The ability of a joint to move through its entire range of motion
What is muscular endurance?
The ability of the muscles to perform repeated contractions over a long period of time
What is muscular strength?
The maximum force that can be produced by a muscle in one maximal effort
What is agility?
The ability to change direction in a fast and accurate way
What is anaerobic capacity?
The total amount of energy that can be produced by the anaerobic energy systems
What is balance?
Refers to being able to maintain and control equilibrium, whilst either stationary or moving
What is coordination?
The ability to perform motor skills smoothly, efficiently and accurately
What is muscular power?
The rapid exertion of a force over a short period of time
What is reaction time?
The time taken for the body to react to stimuli
What is speed?
How fast the body or part of the body can move from one point to another
