Exam Flashcards
what is health and wellbeing?
the state of a persons physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy healthy, capable and engaged.
What is physical wellbeing include characteristics
Physical wellbeing refers to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness
-your body weight, Blood pressure, level of illness
What is emotional wellbeing? Characteristics?
relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way.
- resilience, the ability to regulate emotions, recognition of emotions in self and others
What is emotional wellbeing? Characteristics?
relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way. Emotional health is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience. Refers to the degree in which an individual feels emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life
- resilience, the ability to regulate emotions, recognition of emotions in self and others
What is mental health and wellbeing?
Characteristics?
Mental health and wellbeing refers to a persons mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic.
-Thought patterns/cognition, mental disorders, stress. anxiety and esteem.
What is social health and wellbeing?
Characteristics?
being able to interact with others and participate in the comunity in botha nd independent and cooperative way
-friendship networks, being part of a team. relationships with family.
What is spiritual health and wellbeing?
Characteristics?
measuring healt
What is the difference between mental and emotional health and wellbeing?
Mental health and wellbeing is the ability to think and process information, whereas, emotional health and wellbeing relates to how we express and manage our emotions.
What is health status?
An individual’s or a population’s overall health (and wellbeing), taking into account various aspects
Measuring health status indicators
self assessed health status, life expectancy, mortality, morbidity, incidence, prevalence of health conditions, burden of disease, rates of hospitalisation, core activity limitations, psychological distress
what is life expectancy?
An indication of how long a person can expect to live if death rates do not change.
mortality
deaths in a population
morbidity
refers to ill-health in an individual or levels of ill-health in a population.
Incidence
refers to the number of new cases of a condition in a given period of time (usually 12 months).
Prevalence
refers to the total number of cases of a condition at a given time.
burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries
how to measure burden of disease
DALY (disability adjusted life year)
core activities
relate to the main areas of life: selfcare, mobility and communication
core activity limitation
refers to an individual having difficulty in any of the three core areas of life.
psychological distress
relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual’s level of functioning.
sociocultural factors
family, peer group, employment, education, housing, income, access to health information
Why is it useful to be able to measure health status?
To identify priority health issues, monitor progress and re-evaluate health promotions.
how does age affect health and wellbeing
younger participants’ thoughts were that ‘health was maintained by a good diet — one that included daily servings of fresh fruit, vegetables and little junk food’. In contrast, the participants aged over 16 mentioned not only aspects from the physical dimension, including physical exercise, but also the social dimension of health and wellbeing. In particular, they mentioned that ‘social relationships with their family and friends made them feel good and gave them a sense of wellbeing’.
This demonstrates that as young people’s life experience grows, they start to have a more holistic view of health and wellbeing, rather than a one-dimensional view.
how does gender affect health and wellbeing?
Females are more health conscious than males and have a more holistic view of health and wellbeing whereas, males concept of h&w is often associated with physical fitness and not the rest. Females focus on all aspects but mainly mental health and physical. males focus on physical and nutrition.
how does culture affect health and wellbeing?
different cultures prioritise different aspects of health and wellbeing. Some culture prioritise praying and spiritual whereas, other focus on physical.
how does your socioeconomic status affect your health and well-being?
people from lower socio-economic status have lower levels of health literacy and are less informed about healthy and unhealthy behaviours compared to people from a higher economic status. Lower socioeconomic status people generally focus on education, shelter, food and water than healthy habits.
how does religion affect health and well-being?
Perspectives of health and wellbeing are common across all religions; however, some more than others focus on
clarity of the mind and body (Hinduism and Buddhism in particular). Spirituality is clearly seen as an important
aspect of a person’s health and wellbeing, and for many religious followers it is considered as important as
elements of their physical health and wellbeing
Their perspective is different depending on the religion but the majority focus on the interrelation between spiritual, ,mental, and physical health and wellbeing.
how does peer group affect health and wellbeing?
peer pressure may lead young people to take
health risks and therefore decrease their
health status. Binge drinking, illicit drug
use and drink driving are often some of
the negative health behaviours that people
engage in when negatively influenced by
their peers. However, peers can also have a positive influence for example a group of friends who love playing soccer will influence participation in exercise, which will improve
fitness levels, and promote physical health and wellbeing, while reducing the risk of conditions such as obesity and depression.
how does family affect health and wellbeing?
A family with good relationships, good communication and strong parenting skills, is associated with positive health status. Divorce and separation are also quite common among families, and many young people are being raised in two different home environments. These changes can have significant effects on young people. The conflicts and stressors they may be exposed to can lead to negative effects on their emotional and mental health and wellbeing and can lead to poorer overall self-assessed health status.
When young people have an unsettled family environment without strong parental influences, they may also be more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours, such as unsafe sexual practices, tobacco use and experimenting with illicit drugs, all behaviours which may cause risk to the efficient functioning of the body and therefore negatively impact on physical health and wellbeing. An unsettled family environment can also have an impact on mental health and wellbeing, due to increases in levels of stress and anxiety.
how does housing affect health and wellbeing?
Indoor air pollution. Dust and tobacco smoke, for example, can increase morbidity from asthma and other respiratory conditions. This may reduce the individual’s capacity for physical activity, which can contribute to increased rates of depression and obesity.
Kitchen facilities. If kitchen facilities are inadequate the availability of nutritious meals may be affected and result in an inability to consume the required levels of essential nutrients. Young people may be more likely to consume food out of the home, which can influence poor dietary choices such as eating foods high in saturated fat, sugar and salt. Consumption of these foods increases the risk of diet-related illness such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life.
how does education affect health and wellbeing?
Education is also linked with better health status. Those with higher levels of education report fewer
physical health concerns and better mental health and wellbeing than those with lower levels of education.
The higher the level of education an individual receives, the more likely they are to take notice and act upon
health promotion messages, such as participating in cancer screening programs. Educated individuals are
also more likely to be aware of healthy behaviours, such as using sun protection methods and not smoking
tobacco.
how does employment affect health and wellbeing?
Working outdoors makes individuals exposed to UV radiation and other elements such as heat and
cold. The tools and instruments that young people use at work can lead to injuries such as strains and cuts.
Young people may be required to stack shelves, which can increase strength, but also the likelihood of back
injury. Many young people work in fast-food outlets or other commercial kitchens. Facilities within these
environments pose particular risks, including:
* burns from hot water, deep fryers, ovens and other appliances
* falls and injuries caused by slippery floors
* cuts and lacerations from sharp objects.
How does income affect health and wellbeing?
Family income
determines the type of neighbourhood in which a young person
grows up and the kind of educational resources available to them.
The quality of these settings is an important factor in determining
healthy behaviours and young people’s health status
What are nutrients?
Nutrients are substances that are found in food that are required by the body for the growth and maintenance of body systems.
Benefits of having a well balanced diet?
appropriate muscle growth and tone, healthy and clear skin, nails, hair and teeth, energy to be physically active, fewer illnesses relating to the immune system, decreasing risk of diet related diseases
Macronutrients
Carbs, fats, protein, water
micronutrients
calcium, iron, vitamin a, vitamin c, vitamin d, b group vitamins (1,2,3) vitamin k, copper
Carbohydrates
To provide fuel for energy, allows individuals to maintain high activity levels, energy to concentrate
fibre
fibre makes you feel fuller for longer, assists in regular bowel movements,
carb and fibre food sources
potatoes, rice, pasta, fruit, vegetables, wholegrain bread and cereals.
protein
builds, maintain, and repair body cells, acts as fuel for producing energy
protein food sources
meat, nuts, beans
