Exam

Question 1

What percentage of adults have encountered a traumatic event?

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

Of the 70% of adults that have encountered a traumatic event, how many of these develop PTSD?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

How much more likely are emergency services personnel to develop PTSD?

Answer 3

3 times

Question 4

Ontario’s 2016 First Responder’s Act

Answer 4

Recognizes the risks to first responders of mental health, which are inherent risks to their profession. These legal changes also help to change the culture and reduce stigma.

Question 5

Examples of external stressors

Answer 5

Dealing with the public, being judged on social media, undergoing formal investigations by special units

Question 6

Examples of internal stressors

Answer 6

Supervisors & colleagues, bureaucracy, policies, unpredictable schedules causing absences during important events/celebrations

Question 7

Examples of personal or unique stressors

Answer 7

Specific to an individual - family situations, finances, illness

Question 8

What is a critical incident?

Answer 8

A severe event that can overwhelm a person’s ability to cope and disrupts normal functions

Question 9

Symptoms of cumulative stress

Answer 9

Physical, emotional, relation, behavioural, mental

Question 10

Physical symptoms of cumulative stress

Answer 10

Fatigue, headache, stomach ache, sleep problems, changes in appetite

Question 11

Emotional symptoms of cumulative stress

Answer 11

Anxiety, frustration, guilt, moodiness, irritability, apathy, depression, loss or increase in sensitivity

Question 12

Mental symptoms of cumulative stress

Answer 12

Lack of concentration, loss of creativity and motivation, forgetfulness, negativity, paranoid thoughts

Question 13

Behavioural symptoms of cumulative stress

Answer 13

Increased consumption of drugs and alcohol, changes in eating habits, increased behaviours, cynical attitude

Question 14

Relational symptoms of cumulative stress

Answer 14

Feelings of bitterness, loneliness, problems interacting with others, social withdrawal, antisocial behaviour

Question 15

What is included in an effective resilience plan?

Answer 15

Respect for mental/physical limits, enjoyable activities, regularity of activities, interesting activities, promoting positive relationships, high level or trust and conviction, good sleep habits

Question 16

What should be the first weapon for all first responders? (mental health)

Answer 16

Developing risilience

Question 17

Wellness

Answer 17

Integration of body, mind, and spirit to produce a balances lifestyle. Promotes a sense of becoming, changing, improving, and growing.

Question 18

How is wellness achieved?

Answer 18

By practicing good health habits and eliminating harmful ones

Question 19

What is the primary goal of crisis intervention?

Answer 19

To stabilize and defuse to protect individuals from increased and/or prolonged distress

Question 20

Five components of crisis intervention

Answer 20

Simplicity in exchanges, short exchanges, immediate initial contact, practical suggestions, direct and clear communication

Question 21

Simplicity in exchanges

Answer 21

Approach the person by maintaining a simple and clear discussion

Question 22

Short exchanges

Answer 22

Check in to ensure a continuous assessment of the individual’s functioning

Question 23

Immediate initial contact

Answer 23

First contact should occur before the end of the shift during which the incident occurred

Question 24

Practical suggestions

Answer 24

Share positive strategies to take good care of yourself

Question 25

Direct and clear communication

Answer 25

Ask the difficult questions and the details to determine the degree of severity and whether immediate intervention is needed

Question 26

When do recovery and evidence collection start?

Answer 26

When rescue operations are complete

Question 27

What are the primary goals of recovery and evidence collection?

Answer 27

Note the precise position and orientation of all significant evidence, especially human remains, and to recover this evidence without any further alteration or damage

Question 28

Emergency rescue units and recovery & evidence collection

Answer 28

Must be informed that while life-preserving rescue measures and medical care take precedence, care must be taken to ensure that as many bodies, body parts, and other evidence as possible are left untouched

Question 29

Recovery

Answer 29

Ensures the dead are no longer exposed to public view and nature’s elements

Question 30

Nature’s Elements

Answer 30

May result in longer identifications, loss of valuable information, and an incomplete report

Question 31

What is the field operations team responsible for?

Answer 31

Locating, documenting, recovering, and transporting the remains from a mass fatality incident to a designated processing site or morgue. Also documentation of the entire scene.