exam

Question 1

The term for chest pain/discomfort when heart ms doesn’t get enough oxygen:

Answer 1

angina

Question 2

the hallmark of right ventricular failure is

Answer 2

peripheral edema

Question 3

alcohol abuse, obesity, oral contraceptives are all can cause what in a women?

Answer 3

hypertension

Question 4

modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis include?

Answer 4

smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet, etc

Question 5

which drug used in the management of atherosclerosis is effective in lowering LDL and increasing HDL?

Answer 5

statins

Question 6

when cardiac workload exceed oxygen supply to myocardial tissue causing ischemia, the temporary chest pain that occurs is know as?

Answer 6

angina pectoris

Question 7

factors that regulate blood pressure

Answer 7

blood flow, peripheral vascular resistance

Question 8

treatment for congestive heart failure includes:

Answer 8

diet and exercise, sodium restriction, rest

Question 9

a rate arrhythmia of greater than 100 beats per minute is termed

Answer 9

tachycardia

Question 10

when the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle does not close properly and blood flows back into the left atrium, what has occurred?

Answer 10

mitral valve insufficiency

Question 11

the most common musculoskeletal system in a person with infective endocarditis is

Answer 11

arthralgia

Question 12

abdominal aortic aneurysms are most likely to rupture when reaching which size?

Answer 12

5 cm

Question 13

the classic symptoms of peripheral arterial disease is

Answer 13

intermittent claudication

Question 14

wells clinical decision rules has been shown to be reliable and valid to classify a person likelihood of having what?

Answer 14

deep vein thrombosis

Question 15

risk factors for varicose veins include?

Answer 15

pregnancy, genetics, prolonged periods of standing

Question 16

majority of ulcers are

Answer 16

venous

Question 17

Raynauds disease or phenomenon is characterized by

Answer 17

changes in skin temperature in response to cold

Question 18

what are the major components of blood?

Answer 18

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Question 19

possible hypotension, tachypnea, cool extremities, tachycardia, decreases pulses, altered mental state can all be signs of ?

Answer 19

shock

Question 20

S/S of a hematatologic system condition

Answer 20

splenomegaly, congestion, brusing, etc

Question 21

which lab value will be important to monitor for patients who have undergone a bloodless procedure during surgery?

Answer 21

hemoglobin

Question 22

what condition is caused by excessive iron absorption by the small intestine and cause weakness, chronic fatigue, myalgias, joint pain and hepatomegaly?

Answer 22

hereditary hemochromatosis

Question 23

who is most likely to suffer from anemia due to nutritional deficiency

Answer 23

30 year old female who is 4 months pregnant

Question 24

what is the first change observed when monitoring vital signs in a patient with anemia

Answer 24

tachycardia

Question 25

an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood is

Answer 25

leukocytosis

Question 26

treatment for leukopenia include

Answer 26

eliminating the cause of the condition and controlling infections

Question 27

the most common leukemia affecting children is

Answer 27

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 28

clinical manifestations of classic Hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 28

anemia with fatigue, malaise, bone pain, nontender, firm lymph nodes, etc

Question 29

reed- sternberg cells are found in the lymph nodes in which disease

Answer 29

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Question 30

who is most likely to be diagnosed with multiple myeloma

Answer 30

75 year old active female

Question 31

the major clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma is

Answer 31

bone loss

Question 32

The first symptom of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is usually:

Answer 32

lymphadenopathy

Question 33

Spontaneous bleeding into joints/muscles and severe bleeding after trauma or surgery occurs in

Answer 33

severe hemophilia

Question 34

In hemophilia, the most common joint to be affected by hemarthrosis is:

Answer 34

knee

Question 35

A decrease in the number of platelets is termed

Answer 35

thrombocytopenia

Question 36

Life-threatening thrombotic complications of SCD include

Answer 36

chest syndrome, stroke

Question 37

For most people with sickle cell disease, complications can be decreased with the use of:

Answer 37

prophylactic penicillin

Question 38

Levels of oxygen below normal in arterial blood is termed __________________ and is assessed in physical therapy by ____________________.

Answer 38

hypoxemia, pulse oximetry

Question 39

The most common signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease are:

Answer 39

cough, dyspnea

Question 40

A loss in the angle between the nail and the nail bed occurs in several pulmonary conditions. This is called:

Answer 40

digital clubbing

Question 41

Which of the following is a change to the respiratory system that occurs with age

Answer 41

alveolar surface area is reduced, decreasing capacity for gas exchange, cilia become slower and less effective, decreased elastic recoil

Question 42

Airway clearance techniques include:

Answer 42

postural drainage, deep breathing, percussion

Question 43

A localized accumulation of purulent exudate within the lung is a:

Answer 43

lung abscess

Question 44

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases include

Answer 44

asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis

Question 45

Clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis include:

Answer 45

shortness of breath, recurrent infections, persistent cough with sputum production

Question 46

Clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis include:

Answer 46

shortness of breath, recurrent infections, persistent cough with sputum production

Question 47

The primary risk factor for developing emphysema is:

Answer 47

cigarette smoking

Question 48

what increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 48

obesity, having Down Syndrome, drinking alcohol

Question 49

A condition characterized by chronic inflammation that lead to excessive scarring in the lungs is:

Answer 49

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 50

Exposure to second-hand smoke increases the risk of:

Answer 50

lung cancer, asthma, respiratory infections

Question 51

A test that can be used to determine in a baby has cystic fibrosis is:

Answer 51

sweat test

Question 52

Clinical manifestations of atelectasis include:

Answer 52

dyspnea, cyanosis, drop in blood pressure

Question 53

An early clinical manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is:

Answer 53

increased respiratory rate with shallow breathing

Question 54

An early clinical manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is:

Answer 54

increased respiratory rate with shallow breathing

Question 55

A collection of fluid in the pleural space is:

Answer 55

pleural effusion

Question 56

a function of the pancreas?

Answer 56

secretion of insulin

Question 57

Yellow pigmentation of the skin, sclerae and mucous membranes is _______________and is a sign of ______________ disease.

Answer 57

jaundice, liver

Question 58

When working with a patient who has liver disease, the PTA should be careful to prevent bruising and bleeding of the patient. The cause of increased risk for this is:

Answer 58

coagulopathy

Question 59

Which of the following is the term used to describe nodules and fibrous connective tissue band formation in the liver?

Answer 59

cirrhosis

Question 60

ankle/brachial index

Answer 60

>1.1 suspicious for arterial calcification; blood vessels dont compress (diabetes) 1.0 adequate blood supply; compression acceptable.

Question 61

risk factors for deep venous thrombosis

Answer 61

immobility: prolonged bed rest, neurologic disorder, cardiac failure. trauma, lifestyle, hyper coagulation, diabetes, genetic, etc.

Question 62

DVT wells clinical decision making rules:

Answer 62

-active cancer -paralysis, paresis, or recent immobilzation of LE -major surgery -LE swelling -Calf swelling -Edema - collateral superficial veins (nonvaricose) points: *-2 to 0. low probability of DVT (3%) *1 or 2. moderate (17%) *3 or more. high prbly (75%)

Question 63

asthma symptoms

Answer 63

coughing, chest tightness, wheezing and SOB.

Question 64

What to do if and asthma attack occurs during therapy

Answer 64

1. assess the severity of attack 2. place the pt in a high fowlers position (incline sitting) 3. encourage diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing 4. if pt has an inhaler, assist ad administering medication 5. asses response to interventions

Question 65

necessary actions to prevent thrombosis and embolism

Answer 65

Frequent changing of position, exercise, the use of compression stockings, devices that provide intermittent pneumatic compression, and early ambulation, sudden/extreme movements should be avoided).

Question 66

what causes backpressure in the airways?

Answer 66

pursed lip breathing

Question 67

what is pursed lip breathing for

Answer 67

Helps people living with asthma or COPD when they experience SOB, and provides a quick and easy way to slow your pace of breathing, making each breath more effective. in- nose out- mouth

Question 68

anemia is related to which vitamin deficiency

Answer 68

vitamin B12

Question 69

causes of anemia

Answer 69

significant trauma, bleeding within the gastrointestinal GI tract, sickle cell disease

Question 70

an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder in which excess iron is slowly deposited in cells, in the liver, pancreas, heart and to a lesser extent other endocrine glands is

Answer 70

hereditary hemochromatosis

Question 71

a malignant disease of the bone marrow and blood progress slowly and permits numbers of more mature, functional cells to be made is called

Answer 71

chronic leukemia

Question 72

what stage of the Hodgkins disease would a patient be on if there is involvement of lymph node regions or structures on both side of the diaphragm

Answer 72

stage lll

Question 73

which joint is the most common for patients with hemophilia to experience hemarthosis

Answer 73

knee

Question 74

a malignancy that increases the rate of cell division of plasma cells produced in bone marrow

Answer 74

multiple myeloma

Question 75

COPD diseases

Answer 75

-

Question 76

an acute asthma attack that cant be addresses with routine care is called

Answer 76

status asthmaticus

Question 77

the primary cause of atelectasis is obstruction of the

Answer 77

bronchus

Question 78

S/S of pulmonary edema

Answer 78

engorged neck and hand veins, pitting edema of the extremities, nocturnal dyspnea

Question 79

gasping inspiration followed by short expiration describes which of the following altered breathing sounds

Answer 79

apneustic

Question 80

smoking is the most common cause of what

Answer 80

chronic obstructive lung disease

Question 81

the most common cause of acute pancreatitis is

Answer 81

gallstones

Question 82

cancer that had the lowest 5 year survival rate

Answer 82

pancreatic cancer

Question 83

type of hepatitis that doesn't have a vaccine

Answer 83

hepatitis c

Question 84

conditions associated with jaundice

Answer 84

blood transfusion, excessive drug intake, alcohol related hepatitis

Question 85

site where pain from the hepatic and biliary systems can manifest

Answer 85

right shoulder

Question 86

the most common site of metastases from primary cancer that filters all blood

Answer 86

the liver