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Patho Exam 4 > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

1
Q

The term for chest pain/discomfort when heart ms doesn’t get enough oxygen:

A

angina

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2
Q

the hallmark of right ventricular failure is

A

peripheral edema

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3
Q

alcohol abuse, obesity, oral contraceptives are all can cause what in a women?

A

hypertension

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4
Q

modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis include?

A

smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet, etc

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5
Q

which drug used in the management of atherosclerosis is effective in lowering LDL and increasing HDL?

A

statins

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6
Q

when cardiac workload exceed oxygen supply to myocardial tissue causing ischemia, the temporary chest pain that occurs is know as?

A

angina pectoris

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7
Q

factors that regulate blood pressure

A

blood flow, peripheral vascular resistance

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8
Q

treatment for congestive heart failure includes:

A

diet and exercise, sodium restriction, rest

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9
Q

a rate arrhythmia of greater than 100 beats per minute is termed

A

tachycardia

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10
Q

when the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle does not close properly and blood flows back into the left atrium, what has occurred?

A

mitral valve insufficiency

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11
Q

the most common musculoskeletal system in a person with infective endocarditis is

A

arthralgia

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12
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysms are most likely to rupture when reaching which size?

A

5 cm

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13
Q

the classic symptoms of peripheral arterial disease is

A

intermittent claudication

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14
Q

wells clinical decision rules has been shown to be reliable and valid to classify a person likelihood of having what?

A

deep vein thrombosis

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15
Q

risk factors for varicose veins include?

A

pregnancy, genetics, prolonged periods of standing

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16
Q

majority of ulcers are

A

venous

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17
Q

Raynauds disease or phenomenon is characterized by

A

changes in skin temperature in response to cold

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18
Q

what are the major components of blood?

A

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

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19
Q

possible hypotension, tachypnea, cool extremities, tachycardia, decreases pulses, altered mental state can all be signs of ?

A

shock

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20
Q

S/S of a hematatologic system condition

A

splenomegaly, congestion, brusing, etc

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21
Q

which lab value will be important to monitor for patients who have undergone a bloodless procedure during surgery?

A

hemoglobin

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22
Q

what condition is caused by excessive iron absorption by the small intestine and cause weakness, chronic fatigue, myalgias, joint pain and hepatomegaly?

A

hereditary hemochromatosis

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23
Q

who is most likely to suffer from anemia due to nutritional deficiency

A

30 year old female who is 4 months pregnant

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24
Q

what is the first change observed when monitoring vital signs in a patient with anemia

A

tachycardia

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25
Q

an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood is

A

leukocytosis

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26
Q

treatment for leukopenia include

A

eliminating the cause of the condition and controlling infections

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27
Q

the most common leukemia affecting children is

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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28
Q

clinical manifestations of classic Hodgkins lymphoma

A

anemia with fatigue, malaise, bone pain, nontender, firm lymph nodes, etc

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29
Q

reed- sternberg cells are found in the lymph nodes in which disease

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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30
Q

who is most likely to be diagnosed with multiple myeloma

A

75 year old active female

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31
Q

the major clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma is

A

bone loss

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32
Q

The first symptom of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is usually:

A

lymphadenopathy

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33
Q

Spontaneous bleeding into joints/muscles and severe bleeding after trauma or surgery occurs in

A

severe hemophilia

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34
Q

In hemophilia, the most common joint to be affected by hemarthrosis is:

A

knee

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35
Q

A decrease in the number of platelets is termed

A

thrombocytopenia

36
Q

Life-threatening thrombotic complications of SCD include

A

chest syndrome, stroke

37
Q

For most people with sickle cell disease, complications can be decreased with the use of:

A

prophylactic penicillin

38
Q

Levels of oxygen below normal in arterial blood is termed __________________ and is assessed in physical therapy by ____________________.

A

hypoxemia, pulse oximetry

39
Q

The most common signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease are:

A

cough, dyspnea

40
Q

A loss in the angle between the nail and the nail bed occurs in several pulmonary conditions. This is called:

A

digital clubbing

41
Q

Which of the following is a change to the respiratory system that occurs with age

A

alveolar surface area is reduced, decreasing capacity for gas exchange, cilia become slower and less effective, decreased elastic recoil

42
Q

Airway clearance techniques include:

A

postural drainage, deep breathing, percussion

43
Q

A localized accumulation of purulent exudate within the lung is a:

A

lung abscess

44
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases include

A

asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis

45
Q

Clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis include:

A

shortness of breath, recurrent infections, persistent cough with sputum production

46
Q

Clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis include:

A

shortness of breath, recurrent infections, persistent cough with sputum production

47
Q

The primary risk factor for developing emphysema is:

A

cigarette smoking

48
Q

what increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea?

A

obesity, having Down Syndrome, drinking alcohol

49
Q

A condition characterized by chronic inflammation that lead to excessive scarring in the lungs is:

A

pulmonary fibrosis

50
Q

Exposure to second-hand smoke increases the risk of:

A

lung cancer, asthma, respiratory infections

51
Q

A test that can be used to determine in a baby has cystic fibrosis is:

A

sweat test

52
Q

Clinical manifestations of atelectasis include:

A

dyspnea, cyanosis, drop in blood pressure

53
Q

An early clinical manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is:

A

increased respiratory rate with shallow breathing

54
Q

An early clinical manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is:

A

increased respiratory rate with shallow breathing

55
Q

A collection of fluid in the pleural space is:

A

pleural effusion

56
Q

a function of the pancreas?

A

secretion of insulin

57
Q

Yellow pigmentation of the skin, sclerae and mucous membranes is _______________and is a sign of ______________ disease.

A

jaundice, liver

58
Q

When working with a patient who has liver disease, the PTA should be careful to prevent bruising and bleeding of the patient. The cause of increased risk for this is:

A

coagulopathy

59
Q

Which of the following is the term used to describe nodules and fibrous connective tissue band formation in the liver?

A

cirrhosis

60
Q

ankle/brachial index

A

> 1.1 suspicious for arterial calcification; blood vessels dont compress (diabetes)
1.0 adequate blood supply; compression acceptable.

<inadequate blood supply; impaired wound healing; requieres medical evaluation; prescriptive exercise beneficial
0.5-0.9 indicates arterial occlusion; prescriptive exercise may be beneficial; delayed wound healing; light compression acceptable
<0.5 severe arterial occlusive disease; may requires surgical revascularization procedure; wound healing unlikely; rarely compress

61
Q

risk factors for deep venous thrombosis

A

immobility: prolonged bed rest, neurologic disorder, cardiac failure. trauma, lifestyle, hyper coagulation, diabetes, genetic, etc.

62
Q

DVT wells clinical decision making rules:

A

-active cancer
-paralysis, paresis, or recent immobilzation of LE
-major surgery
-LE swelling
-Calf swelling
-Edema
- collateral superficial veins (nonvaricose)

points:
*-2 to 0. low probability of DVT (3%)
*1 or 2. moderate (17%)
*3 or more. high prbly (75%)

63
Q

asthma symptoms

A

coughing, chest tightness, wheezing and SOB.

64
Q

What to do if and asthma attack occurs during therapy

A
  1. assess the severity of attack
  2. place the pt in a high fowlers position (incline sitting)
  3. encourage diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing
  4. if pt has an inhaler, assist ad administering medication
  5. asses response to interventions
65
Q

necessary actions to prevent thrombosis and embolism

A

Frequent changing of position, exercise, the use of compression stockings, devices that provide intermittent pneumatic compression, and early ambulation, sudden/extreme movements should be avoided).

66
Q

what causes backpressure in the airways?

A

pursed lip breathing

67
Q

what is pursed lip breathing for

A

Helps people living with asthma or COPD when they experience SOB, and provides a quick and easy way to slow your pace of breathing, making each breath more effective.
in- nose
out- mouth

68
Q

anemia is related to which vitamin deficiency

A

vitamin B12

69
Q

causes of anemia

A

significant trauma, bleeding within the gastrointestinal GI tract, sickle cell disease

70
Q

an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder in which excess iron is slowly deposited in cells, in the liver, pancreas, heart and to a lesser extent other endocrine glands is

A

hereditary hemochromatosis

71
Q

a malignant disease of the bone marrow and blood progress slowly and permits numbers of more mature, functional cells to be made is called

A

chronic leukemia

72
Q

what stage of the Hodgkins disease would a patient be on if there is involvement of lymph node regions or structures on both side of the diaphragm

A

stage lll

73
Q

which joint is the most common for patients with hemophilia to experience hemarthosis

A

knee

74
Q

a malignancy that increases the rate of cell division of plasma cells produced in bone marrow

A

multiple myeloma

75
Q

COPD diseases

A

-

76
Q

an acute asthma attack that cant be addresses with routine care is called

A

status asthmaticus

77
Q

the primary cause of atelectasis is obstruction of the

A

bronchus

78
Q

S/S of pulmonary edema

A

engorged neck and hand veins, pitting edema of the extremities, nocturnal dyspnea

79
Q

gasping inspiration followed by short expiration describes which of the following altered breathing sounds

A

apneustic

80
Q

smoking is the most common cause of what

A

chronic obstructive lung disease

81
Q

the most common cause of acute pancreatitis is

A

gallstones

82
Q

cancer that had the lowest 5 year survival rate

A

pancreatic cancer

83
Q

type of hepatitis that doesn’t have a vaccine

A

hepatitis c

84
Q

conditions associated with jaundice

A

blood transfusion, excessive drug intake, alcohol related hepatitis

85
Q

site where pain from the hepatic and biliary systems can manifest

A

right shoulder

86
Q

the most common site of metastases from primary cancer that filters all blood

A

the liver

Patho Exam 4 (2 decks)

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