exam 13/05/24 Flashcards
epithelial tissue
compared of tightly packed cells
protective barrier, regulates exchange of materials between the body and the external environment
crucial in organs like the skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract
connective tissue
made up of cells dispersed within an extracellular matrix
provides support, structure and strength to various organs and tissues
essential for support of the musculoskeletal system, protecting organs and facilitating movement
muscle tissue
composed of specialised cells called uncle fibers that contain contractile proteins
generates force and movement
lines the walls of internal organs. the digestive tract and blood vessels for example
nervous tissue
composed of neurons (nerve cells) and supporting cells called glial cells
transmits electrical signals and coordinates bodily functions
regulates various activities, such as movement, sensation, behaviour, physiological processes
organs
composed of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and associated strutures
structures composed of two or more different types of tissue
examples include the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach, intestines, brain, eyes, and reproductive organs
each organ has a specific function necessary for overall horse health and survival
cells
basic structural and functional units of life
examples include muscle cells, nerve cells, epithelial cells, and blood cells
perform specific function based on their type
tissues
groups of cells with similar structure and function
four main types : epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
form various structures like skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, and organs
organ systems
groups of organs that perform complex physiological functions
includes the musculoskeleta system, nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, and integumentary system
apical surface
free or exposed surface of epithelial cell facing body cavity, lumen or external environment
basal surface
attached to underlying connective tissue, forming the basement membrane
simple epithelium
single layer of cells found in areas requiring diffusion, absorption, and filtration
stratified epithelium
comprised multiple layers of cells for protection against mechanical stress and abrasion
pseudo stratified epithelium
often ciliated, and involved in secretion and movement of mucous
squamous epithelium
composed of flattened scale-like cells for diffusion and filtration
cuboidal epithelium
composed of cube shaped cells involved in secretion and absorption
cells found in the epidermis
keratinocytes
melanocytes
Merkel cells
basement membrane
keratinocytes
most abundant cells in the epidermis
produce keratin, a fibrous protein for skin protection
undergo keratinisation process, losing nuclei and sloughing off dead skin cells
melanocytes
specialised cells in the basal layer of the epidermis
produce melanin, a pigment determining skin colour and UV radiation protection
transfer melanin to nearby keratinocytes to absorb UV radiation and prevent DNA damage
Merkel cells
specialised sensory cells in the basal layer of the epidermis
play a role in sensation of touch and pressure
form Merkel cell-neutrite complexes, transmitting sensory information to the nervous system
basement membrane
specialised structure that seperates the epidermis from the underlying dermis
provides structural support, regulates nutrient and water exchange, and maintains skin barrier integrity
things found in the dermis
blood vessels
hair follicles
collagen
elastin
oil and sweat glands
dermis
a thick fibrous layer beneath the epidermis
blood vessels in the dermis
network of blood vessels supplying nutrients, oxygen, water removal, and temperature regulation
hair follicles in the dermis
structures producing hair, providing insulation, protection, and sensory perception
collagen
main structural protein providing strength resilience and structure to the skin
elastin
provides elasticity and flexibility to the skin, maintaining shape and integrity during movement
oil and sweat glands
sebaceous glands secrete sebum, lubricating and waterproofing the skin and hair
