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D2: 621 Radiology > Exam 1.1: Intraoral Radiography > Flashcards

Exam 1.1: Intraoral Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of images taken with the film inside the oral cavity?

A

PA
BWX
Occlusals

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2
Q

What are three criteria for PAs

A

Include entire tooth and 2-3 mm of apical bone
Minimal distortion
Adequate constrast/density

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3
Q

What are some criteria for a diagnostic BWX

A

Open interproximal areas

Equal distribution

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of images taken with film outside the mouth?

A

Pan

Ceph

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5
Q

What are the 4 “Special” types of radiographic images

A

MRI
CT
Ultrasound
CBCT

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6
Q

What is the best beam geometry possible?

A

Anatomy and film parallel to each other with the beam perpendicular to both

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7
Q

What can affect the size of the tooth on the image?

A

distance between the film and the anatomy

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8
Q

If you want to magnify the image, would you move the film closer to the tooth, or further away?

A

Further away

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9
Q

So why do we want the film as close to the anatomy as possible?

A

So that the tooth is very close to its actual size

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10
Q

What happens when you move the xray source away from the film?

A

Smaller anatomy and sharper detail

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11
Q

What happens to the image when the vertical angulation is off?

A

Foreshortening

Elongation

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12
Q

What happens to the image when the horizontal angulation is off?

A

Distortion in the horizontal dimension

Superimpositon/overlapping of anatomy

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13
Q

What can cause the same image distortion as horizontal angulation error?

A

Teeth out of alignment

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14
Q

What is the first film placement technique of choice?

A

Paralleling Technique

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15
Q

What axis is the film placed parallel to in the paralleling technique?

A

The true axis, not just the clinical crown

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16
Q

What is the only region of the mouth that you can physically touch the film to the teeth being imaged?

A

Posterior mandibular

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17
Q

What are the advantages of the paralleling technique

A

Minimized geometric distortion
True anatomic relationships
Minimized magnification

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18
Q

What are three disadvantages of the paralleling technique

A

Object-film distance
Can be difficult to place for views of 3rd Molars
Tough with short palatal vaults

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19
Q

When is it ok to use the bisecting angle technique instead of the paralleling technique?

A

Only in certain situations, most commonly when the patient cannot tolerate the paralleling technique

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20
Q

How is the beam aimed when using the bisecting angle technique?

A

Beam is directed perpendicular to a line bisecting the angle formed by the long axis of the tooth and the plane of the film

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21
Q

What type of distortion occurs when using this technique

A

Foreshortening due to the film being pulled against teeth which alters the object to film distance along the true axis of the tooth

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22
Q

Where does most of the distortion occur when using the bisecting angle technique…the crown or the root apicies?

A

Crown

23
Q

What are some advantages of the bisecting techniqe

A 
Avoids gag reflex
Avoids tongue
Avoids tori 
Usable in short vaults
Capture long apicies
24
Q

What are the disadvantages of the bisecting technique?

A

Inherent distortion
Difficult to place properly
Limited clinical application

25
Q

How many films are in an FMX?

A

18
14 PAs
4 BWX

26
Q

Why would a FMX be ordered?

A

Rampant caries or the evaluation of bone levels

27
Q

How many teeth must be in contact with bite block when taking PAs

A

At least 2

28
Q

What teeth must be included in a maxillary molar PA?

A

The molars (or molar area if teeth are missing) and the distal of the 2nd premolar if possible

29
Q

For a Maxillary Molar PA how would the film be placed for using the paralleling technique?

A

Film in midline and pushed all the way back

30
Q

What size film would be used for a maxillary molar PA

A

2

31
Q

When taking a Maxillary Molar PA what bone might get superimposed over the maxillary sinus?

A

Zygoma

32
Q

How can you differentiate between the Zygoma and the Sinus when they are superimposed

A

The zygoma will be horse shoe shaped and will be more radiopaque then the sinus

33
Q

What number film should be used for the maxillary Premolar PA

A

2

34
Q

Besides the teeth, what anatomical structures are sometimes visible on the Mx premolar PA

A

Lower border of maxillary sinus and the zygoma

35
Q

What size film should be used for the maxillary lateral/canine PA

A

1 Vertically

36
Q

Why is there a large amount of object to film distance for the maxillary Lateral/Canine PA?

A

The film must be pushed far enough from the teeth to avoid the curve of the palate

37
Q

What size film do you use for the Maxillary Central Incisor PA

A

1 Vertical

38
Q

Is there a large or small object to film distance for the maxillary central PA

A

large

39
Q

Besides the teeth, what anatomy may be visible on the maxillary central incisor PA

A 
Floor of nasal passage
Incisive canal
Nasal septum
Shadow of the tip of the nose
Lip line
40
Q

What film is used for the mandibular molar PA?

A

2 Horizontal

41
Q

What is unique about the film placement for the mandibular molar PA?

A

The film can be placed up against the tooth for the best possible image, if the patient can tolerate it

42
Q

What film is used for the mandibular premolar PA

A

2 Horizontally

But 1 vertical is ok if the patient can’t tolerate the first option

43
Q

What tooth structure needs to be captured on the mandibular premolar PA?

A

Premolars and the distal of the canine

44
Q

What is unique about the Mandibular Premolar PA in terms of what film can be used?

A

Only region of the mouth where two types of film can be used to get the proper image

45
Q

What size film is used for the mandibular premolar/canine PA

A

1 Vertical

46
Q

What do you try to center on the film for the mandibular canine/premolar PA?

A

The canine and the premolar (no distal of lateral needed)

47
Q

What teeth are captured in the mandibular central PA?

A

23-26

48
Q

Besides the teeth, what anatomy can sometimes be seen in the mandibular central PA?

A

Genial tubercle and lingual foramen
Lip line
nutrient canals

49
Q

What size film is used for the molar BWx’s

A

2 Horizontal

50
Q

What teeth/surfaces should be captured by the molar BW?

A

All 3 molars/spaces

Plus the Distal of the 2nd Premolar

51
Q

Besides the crown, what part of the periodontium is important to capture in any bitewing image?

A

Alveolar bone levels

52
Q

What size film is used for the premolar bitewings?

A

2 Horizontal

53
Q

What teeth/surfaces should be captured for the premolar BW?

A

Distal of both canines
Both premolars
All of First Molar
Some or All of 2nd Molar

D2: 621 Radiology (16 decks)

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