exam Flashcards
What group number are the following elements found?
a) Alkali metals
b) Alkali earth metals
c) Halogens
d) Nobel gases
a) 1
b) 2
c) 17
d) 18
why do atoms form chemical bonds
By forming chemical bonds, atoms achieve a noble gas configuration which is the most stable configuration.
ionic bond
a transfer of electrons to form anions and cations, typically between non-metals and metals
mettalic bond
valence electrons are lost to the sea of dissociated electrons, typically metal atoms
covalent bond
valence electrons are shared, typically between non-metallic atoms
Acid + base produce:
water + a salt
acid + carbonate produce:
carbon dioxide + water + a salt
acid + metal produce:
hydrogen gas + a salt
anion definition
a negatively charged ion
cation definition
a positively charged ion,
precipitate definiton
an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution
finding number of moles?
mass / molar mass
finding mass of compound
number of moles x molar mass
role, structure and location of DNA
role: contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce
structure: double helix
location: cell nucleus
role, structure and location of RNA
role: to convert the information stored in DNA into proteins.
Structure: consists of ribose nucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds, forming strands of varying lengths
location: RNA forms in the nucleolus
allele definition
What is a simple definition of an allele?
An allele is one of two or more versions of a gene. An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. If the two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that gene.
mitosis definition
Mitosis is a process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. In the various stages of mitosis, the cell’s chromosomes are copied and then distributed equally between the two new nuclei of the daughter cells.
meiosis definition
Meiosis is the division of a germ cell into four sex cells (e.g. egg or sperm), each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
homologous structures
The definition of a homologous structure is an organ or body part that appears in different animals and is similar in structure and location, but doesn’t necessarily share the same purpose. An example of a homologous structure is the human arm as compared to the wing on a bird.
vestigial structure definition
Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor. Examples of vestigial structures include the human appendix, the pelvic bone of a snake, and the wings of flightless birds
natural selection definition
Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. Individuals in a population are naturally variable, meaning that they are all different in some ways. … Individuals with adaptive traits—traits that give them some advantage—are more likely to survive and reproduce.
speciation definition
Speciation is a process within evolution that leads to the formation of new, distinct species that are reproductively isolated from one another.
parallel evolution definition
Parallel evolution refers to the evolutionary process wherein two or more species in the same environment develop similar adaptation or characteristics.
convergent evolution definition
occurs when two species from unrelated lines develop the same traits or features. This happens because they live in similar habitats, and have to develop solutions to the same kind of problems
