Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Integumentary > EXAM 1: Wound Etiologies Pt 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1: Wound Etiologies Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of artificial insufficiency

A
  • trauma
  • acute embolism
  • DM, RA
    Thromboangiitis Buerger’s disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

1 cause of arterial insufficiency

  • thickening / hardening of arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • systemic narrowing of arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain how arterial insufficiency to becomes an ulcer

A

arterial insufficiency > intermittent claudication > ischemic rest pain > ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gangrene & types

A

when oxygen supply does NOT equal demand, you have cell death
WET: surgery needed
DRY: stable “okay”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Indications for performing an ABI

A
  • decreased or absent pulse
  • signs or symptoms of AI
  • history of PVD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ABI Result Interpretation (CHART)

  • normal
  • mild/mod AI
  • vessel calcification
  • severe AI
A
  • Normal: .9-1.1 okay to debride
  • Mild/Mod AI: .7-.9 (VI Ulcer apply compression!)
  • Vessel calcification: 1.1-1.3
  • Severe AI: <.5 (AI Ulcer NO compression)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Trendelenburg test * not hip drop

A
  • to identify vein incompetence and differentiate between which veins
  • supine, leg elevation 45 degrees for 1 min
  • note venous distension
  • tourniquet to distal thigh
  • stand upright and note time for superficial venous distension
  • repeat process without tourniquet

tourneqet on : <20 sec = deep perforator vein incompetence
off: <10 sec= superficial vein incompetence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vein Surgery Terms:

  • Ligation
  • Stripping
  • Sclerotherapy
A
  • Ligation: tying off perforating veins to decrease venous hypertension in superficial veins
  • Stripping: surgical resection of superficial varicosities
  • Sclerotherapy: injecting agent to close dysfunctional veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Venous Ulcer Healing Time PROGNOSIS

A
  • 8 weeks
  • small ulcers 5-7
  • large ulcers 10-16 weeks

(wounds w/o signs of healing in 4 wks should be referred)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

target muscle groups and exercises for VI?

A

ankle PF and DF
Gastroc & soleus stretching
- gait training = + influence on respiratory pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compression Methods
- paste bandage
- short stretch compression wrap
- long stretch compression wrap

A
  • paste bandage : gauze impregnated with zinc oxide, calamine, glycerine and gelatin that hardens to a semi rigid support
  • short stretch compression wrap : for up and moving pts
  • long stretch compression wrap: for paralyzed patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Laplace’s Law

A

Bandage Compression = (tensionlayers appliedconstant) / (limb girth*bandage width)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain the function of each layer of compression

A

inner layer: absorbs excess drainage & provides padding without tension

middle layer: absorbs drainage with tension

outer 1-2: increases pressure with tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tubular Compression

Compression Garments

A

light compression off the shelf

knee highs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LE Compression Standards (classes)

A

20-30mmHg Class 1 : mild venous insufficiency
30-40mmHg Class 2: mod venous insufficiency
>40mmHg Class 3-4: severe venous insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pressure Injury Definition

A

localized area of tissue necrosis that develops when soft tissue is compressed between a firm surface and underlying body prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classification for pressure injuries

A

NPUAP Injury Classification

National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Pannel Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

NPUAP SCALE

A

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Unstageable

20
Q

Braden Risk Scale Interpretation

A

<18 at risk
15-18 mild risk
13-14 mod risk
<13 risk

21
Q

Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH)

A

score 8-24 (higher scores=more severe ulcer)

Healing score - PUSH initial score - reassessment score

(+ = improvements)

22
Q

at risk patients should be positioned at what angle on their side

A

30 degrees, not directly on side

23
Q

Pressure Injury Healing time PROGNOSIS

A

very slow!
stage 1: 1-3 wks
stage 2: avg 23 days
stage 3-4: 8-13 weeks

24
Q

Pressure injuries that do not decrease in size within ____ ________ should be reassessed for alternative interventions

A

2 weeks

25
Q

after hour of sitting, how long does it take to relieve pressure and reperfuse tissue ?

A

2 minutes

  • should move every 10-15 min seated
  • should move every 2 hours in bed
26
Q

Neuropathic Ulcer PROGNOSIS

A
  • healing time 12-14 weeks
  • Wagner 1/2 have good prognosis
27
Q

When would you use a total contact cast? When should you not?

A

-neuropathic ulcers
- for wagner ulcers grade 1 and 2
- not when the pt has osteomyelitis, gangrene, fluctuating edema, active infection, ABI < .45

28
Q

Lymphatic system is divided into superficial and deep lymphatics… what are their jobs

A

Superficial lymphatics: drains skin and superficial tissue (THIS IS WHAT WE ARE TREATING)
Deep lymphatics: drains muscles, tendons, and joints

29
Q

Where is the immune system response activated?

A

in lymph fluid

30
Q

Flow of Lymph

A

Lymph capillaries > precollectors> lymph collectors> lymph nodes> thoracic duct/R lymphatic duct> venous system

31
Q

Lymphedema definition

A
  • fluid stagnation and edema due to dynamic or mechanical insufficiency
32
Q

Dynamic Insufficiency of Lymphedema

A
  • lymphatic load EXCEEDS transport capacity

(too many cars on the road so back up and wear and tear on road)

33
Q

Mechanical Insufficiency of Lymphedema

A
  • transport capacity decreases when axillary nodes removed

(the road is under construction so cars cant get by)

34
Q

Fibrosis

A

caused by build up of collagen formation in later stages of lymphedema

35
Q

What stages of lymphedema are reversible?

A

stage 0 and stage 1

36
Q

Internal Society of Lymphology Lymphedema Staging

A

Stage 0: no edema, but impaired lymph transport

Stage 1: fluid build up may subside with elevation, pitting edema present

Stage 2: elevation no longer helps , fibrosis present; early and late (late has no pitting)

Stage 3: skin thickening, hyperpigmentation, papillomas

37
Q

Unilateral Edema measurements:
- mild
- moderate
- severe

A
  • Mild: <3 cm difference
  • Moderate: 3-5 cm difference
  • Severe >5 cm difference
38
Q

Types of Burns

A

Thermal: severity based on contact time and temperature

Chemical: takes 24-72 hrs to evolve; alkaline burns are more severe than acidic

Electrical: charred entrance, explosive exit

39
Q

Pathophysiology of Burns (name the zones)

A

Zone of coagulation: central portion, ischemia, necrosis

Zone of stasis: cellular injury and compromised perfusion

Zone of hyperemia: outer edges, minimal cellular injury

40
Q

Degrees of burns & Example s

A

Superficial 1st Degree: bright red; blanches with pressure; SUNBURN

Superficial Partial Thickness 2nd Degree: blistered; blanches with immediate capillary refill; resolves 10-14 days, CONTACT CHEM BURN

Deep Partial Thickness Deep 2nd Degree: molted areas of red with white eschar, 3+ weeks to heal; SEVERE SUNBURN, CONTACT W DILUTE CHEMICALS

Full Thickness 3rd Degree: leathery eschar; very painful; PROLONGED CONTACT W FLAME, IMMERSION SCALD INJURY

Subdermal 4th Degree: charred, mummified appearance, possible ampu; ELECTRICAL BURN, STRONG CHEMICAL BURN

41
Q

How to estimate rule of 9s

A

head, chest, thorax, leg, leg 9% each

arms 4.5% each side

groin 1%

42
Q

Susceptible areas for contractures following a burn

A

anterior neck, axilla / shoulders, cubital fossa, ankle, posterior knee

43
Q

Debridement

A

early debridement often performed on patients with medium and large full thickness burns

44
Q

Escharotomy

A

Incision through eschar and subcutaneous tissue to release tissue constricting circulation

45
Q

Fasciotomy

A

Incision through fascia to release pressure/improve circulation

Integumentary (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions