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NUR 340 > Exam 1: week 3 > Flashcards

Exam 1: week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some symptoms of a urinary obstruction in males

A
  • increased frequency
  • decreased force of stream
  • double or triple voiding
  • nocturia
  • hematuria
  • hematospermia
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2
Q

How would you teach a patient to do a self testicular exam

A

Palpate scrotum for any abnormal growths, masses, or pain
- look in front of a mirror
- roll the testicle between fingers
- best if done after a warm shower

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3
Q

What should the nurse know about the aging male

A
  • testosterone decreases
  • erectile dysfunction
  • hyperplasia of prostate (can cause urinary obstruction)
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4
Q

How do you sterilize a male

A

Vasectomy
- clip vas deferens
- local anesthetic
- outpatient procedure
- 100% effective
- permanent
- reversal 30-85% effective

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5
Q

How long do you have to wait to have sex after a vasectomy to ensure sterility

A

3 months
- waiting until proximal vas deferens if free of sperm
- need 2 sperm free samples to confirm

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6
Q

What are some post-procedure teachings the nurse will give a patient post vasectomy

A
  • there will be discomfort and swelling
  • use ice packs
  • support the scrotum with a pillow or sling
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7
Q

What is prostatitis and what treatment do we give

A

Inflammation of the prostate
treatment includes antibiotics to relieve pain and spasm

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8
Q

What are the different types of prostatitis

A
  • acute bacterial
  • chronic bacterial
  • chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  • asymptomatic inflammatory
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis

A

sudden onset of:
- dysuria
- perineal pain

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic bacterial prostatitis

A

typically asymptomatic

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

A

GU symptoms with no bacteria in urine (rules out UTI)

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12
Q

How is asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis diagnosed

A

incidentally, elevated prostate-specific antigen

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13
Q

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Enlarged prostate
- affects 50% of men above 40 years old
- develops gradually
- causes urinary obstruction

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia

A
  • urinary hesitancy (dribbling, weak stream)
  • dysuria
  • incomplete bladder emptying
  • urinary retention
  • UTI
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15
Q

What are some prostatic diagnostic tests that can be done

A
  • prostate-specific antigen tests
  • ultrasound
  • prostate fluid/tissue analysis
  • sexual function tests
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16
Q

What is the normal level for prostate-specific antigen

A

4.0 ng/mL
- increased in BPH, prostatitis, and prostate cancer

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17
Q

What is TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate
- take out the prostate through the urethra

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18
Q

What medication class is used to alleviate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitors
- reduce the size of the prostate
- relax the prostate to allow urine to flow

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19
Q

What are some 5-alpha reductase inhibitors that reduce the size of the prostate

A

Also increases hair growth
- Proscar (finasteride) “Propecia”
- Avodart (dutasteride)
- Jalyn (dutasteride/tamsulosin)

20
Q

What are some 5-alpha reductase inhibitors that relax the prostate to allow urine flow

A

Also used for hypertension
- Uroxatral (alfuzosin)
- Cardura (doxazosin)
- Flowmax (tamsulosin)
- Hytrin (terazosin)
- Rapaflow (silodosin)

21
Q

What is included in post-op care for a patient who underwent TURP

A
  • Assess for shock/hemorrhage
  • continuous bladder irrigation (3-way catheter)
  • monitor vitals
  • monitor I&O after removal of catheter
  • avoid consumption of large amounts of fluid initially
  • avoid anticholinergic, antihistamine and decongestant medications
22
Q

What are some expected findings in a patient who underwent TURP

A
  • reddish-pink urine for 24 hours
  • dribbling and urinary leakage after removal of catheter
23
Q

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer

A
  • Getting older (biggest risk factor)
  • genetics
  • African American race
24
Q

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer

A
  • few or no symptoms at the beginning
  • urinary obstruction
  • urinary urgency/frequency
  • urinary retention
  • back pain that may radiate down leg
  • blood in urine or semen
  • painful ejaculation
25
Q

What are the treatment options for prostate cancer

A
  • prostatectomy
  • radiation
  • chemotherapy
  • hormonal therapy
26
Q

What is a radical prostatectomy

A

In order to avoid getting prostate cancer; complete removal of:
- prostate
- seminal vesicles
- tip of vas deferens
- surrounding fat
- nerves and blood vessels

27
Q

What are some complications that can occur from prostatectomy

A
  • hemorrhage
  • shock
  • infection
  • DVT
  • catheter obstruction
  • urinary incontinence (dribbling can occur up to a year post-op)
  • sexual dysfunction
28
Q

What are some causes of erectile dysfunction

A
  • psychological
  • vascular disorders
  • endocrine disorders
  • neurological disorders
  • hematologic disorders
  • trauma
  • alcohol
  • medications
  • drug abuse
29
Q

What are some ejaculation issues seen in men

A
  • premature ejaculation (no clear cause; could be due to inexperience)
  • retrograde ejaculation (ejaculate into the bladder instead of through the penis)
30
Q

What are some treatment options for erectile dysfunction

A
  • medications
  • penile implants
31
Q

What are some medications used to treat erectile dysfunction

A
  • sildenafil (Viagra) (PO)
  • alprostadil (IM)
  • papverine (IM)
  • phentolamine (IM)
  • alprostadil (suppository)
    all medications are vasodilators and smooth muscle relaxers; monitor for cardiac issues
32
Q

What are some side effects of sildenafil (Viagra)

A
  • headache
  • flushing
  • dyspepsia
33
Q

What are the side effects of the injected and suppository medications for erectile dysfunction

A

priapism

34
Q

What are some testicular disorders

A
  • orchitis
  • epididymitis
  • testicular torsion
  • hydrocele
  • testicular cancer
35
Q

What is orchitis

A

inflammation of the testicles due to exposure to mumps virus or an STD

36
Q

What is epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis due to a UTI or prostatitis

37
Q

What is testicular torsion

A

twisting of the testicles blocking blood flow
- emergency

38
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

collection of fluid in the testes

39
Q

What are the risk factors for testicular cancer

A
  • undescended testicle(s)
  • family history (genetics)
  • cancer of one testicle
  • Caucasian American race
    affect males age 15-40 years
    highly treatable and curable
40
Q

What are the treatments for testicular cancer

A
  • orchiectomy
  • retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
  • chemotherapy
  • radiation
41
Q

What are some penile conditions

A
  • phimosis
  • cancer rare (Bowen’s disease)
  • priapism
  • Peyronie’s disease
  • urethral stricture
  • circumcision
42
Q

What is phimosis

A

foreskin cannot be retracted over glans causing an increased risk of penile cancer
- apply steroid cream to soften foreskin to allow retraction

43
Q

What is Bowen’s disease

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (in this case we are referring to the skin of the penis)

44
Q

What is priapism

A

an erection lasting more than 4 hours that wont go away
- treatment includes removing blood via a syringe

45
Q

What is Peyronie’s disease

A

A fibrous plaque buildup in the penis when it is erect causing it to bend awkwardly
- painful

46
Q

What is the only risk factor for getting an STD

A

Having multiple partners

NUR 340 (10 decks)

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