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Nutrition exam 1 > Exam 1- Water Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Exam 1- Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are Hematopoietic vitamins

A

Folate, B12, B6, pantothenic acid

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2
Q

Vitamin C is

A

Ascorbic acid

Essential for humans

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3
Q

What is absorbed easier for Vitamin C ascorbic acid or dehydroascorbic acid

A

Dehydroascorbate much easily absorbed

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4
Q

How is vitamin C reduced

A

By enterocytes to ascorbate

80-90% absorbed up to 1 g

Transported free in plasma

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5
Q

How does cellular uptake of vitamin C occur

A

GLUT 1/2/3 and sodium dependent vitamin C transporter 1/2

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6
Q

GLUT uptake of vitamin C is stimulated by _______ and inhibited by _______.

A

Stimulated= Insulin

Inhibited= glucose

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7
Q

What is significant about diabetics and vitamin C

A

High plasma levels but low cellular vitamin C

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8
Q

Vitamin C acts like a antioxidant via

A

Donates a H to free radicals

Regenerates Vitamin E in cells

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9
Q

Vitamin C is a coenzyme for redox reactions for iron and copper containing enzymes to

A

For collagen by

Proline - Hydroxyproline via proline hydroxlyase

Lysine - hydroxylysine via lysyl hydroxlase

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10
Q

Vitamin C and the immune system

A

Decreases risk of infection

Required for leukocyte activity

High dose can decrease duration of cold virus but DOES NOT PREVENT IT

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11
Q

Nonheme and iron absorption

A

Ascorbic acid enhances absorption of iron from plants and supplements

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12
Q

What is the Vitamin C RDA for smokers?

A

RDA+ 35 mg

TQ

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13
Q

What does cooking do to Vitamin C

A

Frozen fruits and veggies contain more vitamin C than fresh that has been shipped long distances

Veggies refrigerated for 24 hours has lost 50% of Vitamin C

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14
Q

What are the four Hs of scurvy

A

Hemorrhagic signs (poor wound healing)

Hypochondriasis (psychological manifestations)

Hyperkeratosis of hair follicles

Hematologist ( impaired collagen and iron synthesis and absoption)

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15
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake of vitamin C

A

2g

Unabsorbed Vitamin C may cause diarrhea from LI fermentation

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16
Q

High dose of Vitamin C may result in

A

Kidney disease-increase risk of kidney stones

Impaired iron metabolism- iron toxicity

Helps with nonheme iron absorption!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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17
Q

What is B1

A

Thiamin

Aka thiamin pyrophosphate

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18
Q

Thiamin Coenzyme TDP

A 
Energy production (pyruvate to acetyl CoA)
Used by dehydrogenase

NADPH and pentose synthesis
Part of transketolase

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19
Q

Thiamin noncoenzyme functions TTP

A

Nervous system

Regulates sodium channels and chloride transport in nerve transduction

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20
Q

Good sources for thiamin

A

Yeast, pork, whole grains, enriched flour, dried beans

Thiaminases in raw fish and shellfish
Thiamin destroyed by sulfites

Destroyed by heat, oxidation and light

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21
Q

What are the major targets of thiamin deficiency

A

Peripheral nerves, heart and brain

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22
Q

Symptoms of early thiamin deficiency

A

Anorexia, weight loss, malaise, tender calf muscles, leg numbness, increased pulse rate and palpitations

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23
Q

What is acute beriberi

A

Thiamin deficiency

Chronic infant deficiency 2-5 months of age

Anorexia, vomiting, enlarged heart

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24
Q

What is wet beriberi

A

Chronic adult deficiency, peripheral edema, these calf muscles, high carb intake and exercise

25
Q

What is dry beriberi

A

Chronic geriatric deficiency

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Alcoholics, ataxia of gait

26
Q

Who is at risk for thiamin deficiency

A

Elderly, alcoholics, babies

Patients with malabsorption conditions or gastric bypass

27
Q

What is thiamin toxicity

A

No tolerable upper intake set

Toxicity is RARE

28
Q

Issues arise when thiamin is give via what

A

100x RDA given by IV- headache, convulsion, cardiac arrhythmias

1000x RDA by mouth- suppress respiratory center leading to death

29
Q

Riboflavin (B2) functions as coenzymes for

A

FAD and FMN

Flavin ring important for redox reactions

Synthesis of niacin (FAD) and B6 (FMN)

30
Q

Riboflavin is used in the ETS for

A

Coenzyme for dehydrogenases, first step in beta-oxidation and Krebs

31
Q

60 mg of tryptophan is equal to

A

1 mg of niacin

32
Q

Riboflavin is destroyed by

A

UV light and alkaline pH

Stable during cooking

33
Q

What is the RDA for riboflavin

A

Men 1.3 mg

Women 1.1mg

34
Q

What is symptoms of early riboflavin deficiency

A

Photophobia
Burning and itching eyes
Soreness of mouth

35
Q

Riboflavin deficiency is also called

A

Ariboflavinosis

36
Q

What is a symptom of ariboflavinosis which results in chapped lips

A

Cheilosis

Aka dry scaly lips

37
Q

What is when the corner or corners of the mouth have small cracks and inflammation around the mouth

A

Angular stomatitis

Occurs from riboflavin deficiency

38
Q

Glossitis and magenta tongue is a deficiency in

A

Riboflavin

39
Q

Photophobia and corneal vascularization occurs from

A

Ariboflavinosis

40
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis, anemia, peripheral neuropathy are symptoms of

A

Ariboflavinosis

41
Q

Severe riboflavin deficiency inhibits

A

Vitamin B6 and NAD synthesis

42
Q

Who is at risk for riboflavin deficiency

A

Alcoholics
Diabetics
Thyroid disorders
Tricyclics antidepressants

43
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake limit of riboflavin

A

None set

400mg has been show as effective dose for treating migraines

44
Q

Niacin is a coenzyme for

A

NAD and NADP mostly dehydrogenases

H acceptors in redox reactions

45
Q

What is the RDA for niacin

A

Men=16 mg
Women=14 mg

Most of our niacin comes from tryptophan

Average consumes 900 mg of tryptophan daily, providing 15 mg of niacin

46
Q

Niacin deficiency results in

A

Pellagra

47
Q

What are the 4 D’s of Pellagra

A

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
DEATH

Caused by niacin or tryptophan deficiency

48
Q

Cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis are found together with what two deficiencies

A

Pellagra and ariboflavinosis

49
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake of niacin

A

35 mg/day

50
Q

Pantothenic acid (B5) is part of

A

Coenzyme A (CoA) and CTL-carrier protein (ACP)

51
Q

FPantothenic acid is used for

A

Endogenous cholesterol synthesis

Made in liver and intestines

52
Q

Pantothenic acid is stable during

A

Cooking, storage BUT

May be lost thawing frozen meats

53
Q

Burning feet syndrome is associated with

A

Burning feet syndrome

Numb toes, burning of feet, depression, FATIGUE, insomnia and weakness

54
Q

Is there toxicity of pantothenic acid (B5)

A

None reported

55
Q

What is biotin noncoenzyme roles

A

Transcription of several enzymes (glucokinase, phosphenol pyruvate carboxykinase)

56
Q

Biotin is a coenzyme for

A

Bound to several carboxylases

57
Q

What are two biotin dependent enzymes

A

Pyruvate- oxaloacetate required for gluconeogensis

Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA committed step in FA synthesis

58
Q

Biotin deficieny occurs in

A

50-80% of pregnant women

Very RARE

59
Q

What is the tolerable upper limit of biotin toxicity

A

None reported

Nutrition exam 1 (3 decks)

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