Exam 1 vocab

Question 1

Naming/ taxonomy of organisms based on their evolutionary relationships

Answer 1

Systematics

Question 2

similarities that come from recent common ancestor

Answer 2

Ancestral characters

Question 3

Simmilarities from an ancestor within a group that differs from other groups

Answer 3

Synapormophy

Question 4

Ancestor that gave rise to Amphibians

Answer 4

Temnospondyli

Question 5

Ancestor that gave rise to reptiles

Answer 5

Leposondyli

Question 6

Major features of early Tetrapods

Answer 6

1)Lungs (fish)
2)Wrist and joints(tiktaalik)
3)Neck(tiktaalik)
4)Skin to prevent desiccation (both)
5)Sensory organs (stared fish, modified in amphibians)

Question 7

What is the skull type called when it has no holes and is it derived or ancestral in Gymnophionia

Answer 7

Stegokrotaphic and Ancestral

Question 8

What is the skull type called when it has one hole and is it derived or ancestral in Gymnophiona

Answer 8

Zygokrotaphic and Derived

Question 9

Skin eating

Answer 9

Dermophagy

Question 10

Egg eating

Answer 10

Oophagy

Question 11

What is the term when the adult salamander looks like a adolescent, but is the same size?

Answer 11

Paedomorphosis

Question 12

What is the term when the adult salamander looks like a adolescent, but is bigger?

Answer 12

Neotony

Question 13

What is it called when a male salamander drops sperm pocket for a female to pick up? And which group is it a synapomorphy for?

Answer 13

Spermatophore and Salomadroide

Question 14

The top shell of a testudines

Answer 14

Carapace

Question 15

The ventral shell of a testudines

Answer 15

Plastron

Question 16

External covering and is like leathery skin

Answer 16

Scutes

Question 17

A bent found within a testudines’ skull where muscle attaches

Answer 17

Trochlea lever

Question 18

Females and males look different

Answer 18

Sexually dimorphic

Question 19

Hidden neck

Answer 19

Cryptodira

Question 20

Side neck

Answer 20

Pleurodira

Question 21

Characteristics of Archosauria

Answer 21

1)Bipedal (ancestral); Quadrupedal (Derived)
2)Limbs underneath body
3)Fifth toe gone or reduced
4)Laterally compressed teeth
5)Gizzards
6)Antorbital fenestrations (holes Infront of orbital for more muscle attachment)
7) 4- chambered heart
8)Vocalization in males
9)pre/ post hatching parental care

Question 22

The second layer covering an crocodylia’s eye underwater

Answer 22

Nictiting membrane

Question 23

Teeth in sockets formed within jaw bones

Answer 23

Thecodont Dentition

Question 24

What are the nine adaptations for jumping?

Answer 24

1)Skull bones reduced
2)teeth lost
3)9 or less vertebrates
4)inflexible vertebral column
5)ribs reduced
6)tail lost
7)radius-ulna/ tibia-fibula fused
8) astragalus-calconeum: elongated ankle
9)Limbs under body

Question 25

Mating posture

Answer 25

Amplexus