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CS 135 > Exam 1 Topics > Flashcards

Exam 1 Topics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer

A

An electronic device capable of performing commands (input, output, storage, arithmetic and logic operations)

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2
Q

What is the definition of hardware

A

The physical components of a computer and its surrounding (peripheral) devices

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3
Q

What are the basic components of a computer’s hardware?

A

CPU and main memory, secondary storage, and input and output devices

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4
Q

What is the definition of software

A

programs; sets of instructions to be executed by a computer

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5
Q

What is the type of software designed to control the computer?

A

system software

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6
Q

What is a operating system?

A

a set of programs that control overall computer activity and provide services (Linux, Windows)

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7
Q

What is an application (type of software)

A

it is a program designed to perform specific tasks

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8
Q

What is emacs?

A

a program used to create and modify text based files (editor)

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9
Q

List the three categories of programming languages

A

machine language, assembly language, and high-level language.

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10
Q

Define machine language (programming language)

A

machine language is instructions made up of sequences of 0s and 1s. It is the only language directly understood and executed by the computer and is machine dependent.

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11
Q

Define assembly language (programming language)

A

assembly language is instructions made up of mnemonic codes. It must be translated into machine language be a program called a assembler and is machine dependant.

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12
Q

Define high-level language and name some examples (programming language)

A

high-level language is instructions that are closer to natural language which makes use of familiar words and symbols. It is machine independent. Some examples include BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, Java, C, C++.

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13
Q

Explain what a compiler is and name the one that we use in CS 135

A

a program that translates instruction written in a high-level language into the equivalent machine code (g++)

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14
Q

Name the Linux distro we use in CS 135

A

Linux (CentOS 6)

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15
Q

What does “ls” do? (Linux command)

A

the list command displays an alphabetical list of all the files and directories in your current directory

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16
Q

What does “cat” do? (Linux command)

A

the concatenate command allows a user to display the entire content of a text file to the screen

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17
Q

What does “more” do? What are the controls? (Linux command)

A

the more command allows the user to display the content of a file one screen (or page) at a time (similar to cat command) - press space bar to display the next page, q to quit.

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18
Q

What does “lpr” do? (Linux command)

A

the line print command is used to send a file to a printer.

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19
Q

What does “cp” do? (Linux command)

A

the copy command is used to copy the content of one file to another file.

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20
Q

What does “man” do? (Linux command)

A

the man command provides the user with access to an online manual for Linux commands.

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21
Q

What is the Linux command to compile a program? (Linux command)

A

g++ progfile.cpp

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22
Q

What is the Linux command to run a complied program?

A

./a.out

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23
Q

What is a source file? What is a source file’s file extension for this course?

A

A source file is the human readable version of a program; the file extension we use is .cpp

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24
Q

What is a object file?

A

The object file is what gets compiled, it is “a.out” and is machine readable version of a program.

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25
Q

What is a program?

A

a sequence of statements whose objective is to accomplish a task

26
Q

What is a programming language?

A

a set of rules, symbols, and special words

27
Q

Define syntax

A

syntax is the grammar rules of a programming language. It describes how legal statements will be written that the compiler will accept.

28
Q

Define semantics

A

semantics is the meaning of the instructions in a programming language. A compiler cannot find these errors; another name for them is “logic errors”

29
Q

What is a C++ program a collection of?

A

A C++ program is a collection of one or more functions

30
Q

What is a function?

A

a function is a collection of statements designed to perform a task

31
Q

What is a library in C++? What are the names of libraries called?

A

A library contains a collection of operations and data types that C++ can refer to. Each library has a name and is called a header file.

32
Q

What does a preprocessor directive do? What is the general syntax for one?

A

Preprocessor directives tell the computer where to find a library.
general syntax:
#include

33
Q

Explain what “std namespace” is and how is the statement declared

A

std namespace is the location where identifiers used in header files are defined.
using namespace std;

34
Q

Define what a comment is and how are comments declared. How is a multi-line comment declared.

A 
a comment is a non-executable statment that is included in a program to provide information about what the program does, how it works, what input/output is expected and who wrote the program.
// this is a comment
/* this is multi-line comment*/
35
Q

Define what a string literal is.

A

a string literal is a series of 0 or more characters enclosed in quotation marks “”

36
Q

What is “cout”?

A

cout is the variable that represents the default output device (command line feed)

37
Q

What is the insertion operator used for? How is it declared?

A

insertion operator is used to perform an output operation

“<

38
Q

What is “endl”?

A

endl is a named constant that represents the linefeed character (‘/n’) and should be used when you wish to terminate the current line of output.

39
Q

What is a reserved word?

A

a reserved word is a word that can only be used for a specific purpose in a programming language

40
Q

List the reserved words used in CS 135

A

and, bool, break, case, char, const, default, double, else, false, float, for, if, int, namespace, not, or, return, struct, switch, true, using, void, while

41
Q

What is a identifier? What are the rules for choosing a legal identifier name?

A

An identifier is a name associated with a function or data object used to refer to that function or data object. The 1st character must be a letter or a underscore, remaining characters must be letter, digits, or underscores, reserved words cannot be used as identifier names. C++ is case sensitive.

42
Q

What is a data type?

A

a data type is a set of values along with the set of operations that can be performed using those values. C++ has built in data types.

43
Q

What is a literal value?

A

it is a fixed value that can be stored in the computer

44
Q

Name the built-in numeric data types that are included in C++

A

numeric data types include int, float, double, short, long, long double, signed, unsigned. These are reserved words.

45
Q

Name the two floating-point number data types in C++, what makes them special and how they are different from each other.

A

The two floating-point types are “float” and “double”. They can include decimals. double is stored with more precision than floats

46
Q

What are the floating point arithmetic operators?

A
  • multiply / divide

+ add - subtract

47
Q

What are the rules for using floating point arithmetic operators?

A

Default order of operation. Results of a arithmetic expression involving 2 floats will be a float.

48
Q

Name the reserved word for integer data type and what a integer is.

A

“int” is the reserved word used in this course for integers, they cannot contain a decimal place.

49
Q

What are the int arithmetic operators?

A
  • multiply /divide
    + add - subtract
    % modulus
50
Q

What are the rules for using int arithmetic operators?

A

Default order of operations. Results of a arithmetic expression involving 2 ints will always be int

51
Q

Define what a variable is. What is the syntax for declaring a variable.

A

A variable is the name and a data type of a memory location. It’s content can be changed during program execution. Must be declared before used.
declaration:
datatype identifier;

52
Q

What is the semantics for a variable declaration?

A

allocate a memory location of a specified data type with a specified name. No value is stored (unless specified) in the location so whatever was in that location prior to allocation remains.

53
Q

What is a assignment statement? What is the assignment operator? What is the syntax for an assignment statement?

A

it is a statement used to store a value in a variable (name of memory location). “=” is the assignment operator.

variable = expression;

54
Q

Define algorithm

A

a algorithm is a step-by-step process for solving a problem in a finite amount of time.

55
Q

Define “constant”

A

a constant is a memory location with a name, a data type, and a value. it cannot be changed once it is declared. Placed before main function

56
Q

Hand write the syntax for a constant delcaration

A

const datatype identifier = value;

57
Q

For type coercion, what is the type hierarchy when data types are mixed in arithmetic expressions?

A

double then float then int

58
Q

What happens when data types are mixed in a expression?

A

the lower type is coerced (implicitly forced) to its equivalent value in the higher type for the purpose of performing a given operation.

59
Q

What is “type coercion”?

A

implicit (automatic) type conversion

60
Q

What is “Type casting”

A

explicit (user defined) type conversion

CS 135 (3 decks)

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