Exam 1 Topics Flashcards
Physiology
the study of all functions of an organism
Functions
any activity or process inherent to an organism that contributes to its viability and/or performance
Examples of Functions
Ventilation
sweating
cardiac output
urine formation
cell-to-cell communications
solute transport across a membrane
Functions are _______ __________ in nature
highly dynamic
What does it mean that functions are highly dynamic?
always changing
rate of the function/magnitude can vary depending on animal
How do we explain function?
teleological explanation or mechanistic explanation
Teleological explanation
explained as meeting a need
Mechanistic Explanation
cause and effect events that are the basis for the function
What does mechanistic explanation require?
components involved, property of each component, how/when/where/in what order the components interact
Levels of organization
Molecular/chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Body system
Organismal
Molecular/chemical level
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
small solutes
Cellular level
organelle of executing all processes associated with life
processes associated with life
- respond to life
- chemical reactions to provide energy
- all organisms do work
- all organisms use metabolism
- able to generate repair
Tissue level
a group of cells having similar structure and function that interact in ways that yield new functions
Human tissue
nervous
muscle
epithelial
connective
nervous tissue
transmits information using electrical signals
Muscle tissue
generate force by contractions
epithelial tissue
specialized to form barriers/borders and transport particular solutes across
Connective tissue
specialized to generate an extracellular matrix to when other cells attach
Organ level
two or more tissues interacting in ways that yield new functions
Body system level
two or more organs interacting in ways that yield new functions
how many body systems do humans have?
11
Organismal Level
two or more organ/body systems interacting in ways that yield a free living organism
external environment
the surrounding environment in which an organism lives