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Exercise Physiology > Exam 1 Test Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which enzyme rate limits or regulates lipolysis?

A

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

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2
Q

When a muscle produces force while lengthening it is defined as an…

A

Eccentric Action

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3
Q

An RER of >.9 should indicate a reliance on which mactronutrient fuel source?

A

Glucose (Carbohydrates)

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4
Q

If Rafael was well trained and walked an entire marathon at a relatively light intensity, which mactronutrient fuel source would he most likely rely on for energy production?

A

Lipids (Fats)

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5
Q

Which energy system would be dominant during a marathon (walking, light intensity)?

A

Mitochondrial Respiration

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6
Q

Which energy system is best assessed with a vertical jump?

A

Immediate

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7
Q

Which hormones can stimulate lipolysis to mobilize free fatty acids as a fuel source?

A

Growth Hormone
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Glucagon

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8
Q

What anatomical property enables Type I skeletal muscle fibers to use aerobic metabolism well?

A

They contain a lot of mitochondria

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9
Q

Which respiratory parameter indicates the normal or “average” volume of air inspired/expired per breath?

A

Vt

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10
Q

Which hormone facilitates AA uptake and protein synthesis in bone and muscle?

A

Insulin-like growth factor-1

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11
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used by the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) to activate the appropriate arterial receptors?

A

Acetylcholine

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12
Q

Which arterial receptor is activated by Acetylcholine in the PSNS?

A

B2 arterial receptors

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13
Q

In reference to the previous question, what happens to arteries in response to PSNS activation?

A

Vasodilation occurs everywhere in the systemic circulation

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14
Q

Within a sarcomere, which identifiable features will change size or length during eccentric muscle contraction?

A

I-band

H-zone

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15
Q

Which enzyme hydrolyzes ATP into ADP and Pi during the sliding filament process?

A

Myosin ATPase

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16
Q

Which cardiovascular parameter provides an indication of systemic perfusion pressure?

A

Mean arterial pressure

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17
Q

Which blood flow mechanism involves expansion of the thoracic cavity, which decreases the pressure within the cavity, which in turn facilitates venous blood return to the heart?

A

Respiratory Pump

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18
Q

What respiratory parameters would be affected by a restrictive lung disease (such as pulmonary fibrosis), and how?

A

Decreased FVC
Decreased FEV1
Unaffected ratio of FEV1/FVC

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19
Q

What is the direct culprit behind “muscle burn” and short-term fatigue during high intensity exercise?

A

H+ accumulation in the sarcoplasm

20
Q

What is the primary reason why fast eccentric contractions elicit greater force output than fast concentric contractions?

A

Stored elastic energy contributes to the force production of the eccentric contraction

21
Q

What is the potential benefits of a pennated muscle?

A

More cross bridging

Greater force production

22
Q

What do chemoreceptors primarily monitor to help regulate/determine ventilation?

A

PCO2

23
Q

Explain how post-activation potentiation PAP works to increase muscle force output.

A

30-sec after a high-intensity muscle contraction the activated motor neurons are more easily excitable

24
Q

For a given submaximal exercise intensity, how would an increase in preload affect cardiac function?

A

Decreased HR

Increase SV

25
Q

What is the primary reason that explains why endurance athletes need a higher VO2max than power-based athletes such as sprinters?

A

The endurance athlete relies more on mitochondrial respiration

26
Q

How doe creatine supplementation affect the maximum duration of the immediate system

A

Maximum duration is increased due to increased creatine phosphate storage in the muscle

27
Q

Why does blood doping improve aerobic exercise performance?

A

Hemoglobin concentration of the blood is increased

28
Q

Explain how both SNS innervation of arteries and EDRFs work together to direct blood flow where it’s needed during aerobic exercise.

A

SNS innervation causes systemic vaso/venoconstriction to help shunt blood away from muscles that are not active
EDRF release causes local vaso/venodilation to direct blood toward active muscles

29
Q

Why is it important to convert most of the CO2 that leaves a muscle into HCO3 and and H+ for Hb binding and transport to lungs?

A

Lots of CO2 can be transported in the blood to the lungs without substantially altering blood pH

30
Q

Explain how both insulin and glucagon work together to mobilize glucose as a fuel source during exercise.

A

Insulin stimulates muscles to clear glucose from blood to mobilize it for fuel
Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver to mobilize it for fuel

31
Q

Which triggers that stem from heavy use of the immediate system can stimulate enhanced glycolytic activity?

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

Increased AMP concentrations within the muscle

32
Q

What is the drawback of using the carotid pulse for HR measurement during exercise?

A

The measured HR will be lower than it should be for a given exercise intensity

33
Q

With regard to the excitation coupling contraction process, what would be the most immediate and direct result/effect if acetylcholine did not bind with nicotinic receptors on the post synaptic membrane?

A

An action potential would not be generated across the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber

34
Q

What event immediately and directly initiates the power stroke during the sliding filament process?

A

“None of the above are applicable/correct”

35
Q

How does cardiac output (Q) affect red blood cell transit time during exercise?

A

Increased Q = faster RBC transit time

36
Q

Indicate the feedback that golgi tendon organs (GTOs) provide to the CNS and the primary response/reflex to that feedback.

A

Feedback: muscle tension and rate of change in muscle tension
Response: agonist muscle relaxation

37
Q

Typically, the partial pressure of inspired oxygen (PIO2) is…

A

150mmHg

38
Q

What neuromuscular (motor unit) recruitment strategies can be used to increase muscle force output to accomplish a task such as strong man comp stone challenge (increasing weights)

A

Increased rate coding
Increased number of motor units recruited
Recruitment of higher order/threshold motor units

39
Q

What is the best recommendation to maximize power output for a given resistance training exercise?

A

Increase the weight lifted and speed up

40
Q

Within a single heart beat/contraction cycle, which steps occur during pulmonary circuit blood flow following AV node depolarization?

A

RV depolarizes and contracts and blood flows to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
LV depolarizes and contracts and blood flows into the systemic circulation via the aorta

41
Q

what cardiac event corresponds with the QRS compex?

A

Atrial repolarization

Ventricular depolarization

42
Q

Explain how the Bhor effect affects gas exchange at the muscles during exercises.

A

O2 is more easily transferred from Hb in the blood to Mb in the muscles

43
Q

What steps are invoved with the oxygen transport process?

A

O2 diffuses from alveoli into RBC and binds to HBb
Once carried to the muscles, increased 2-3-BPG, H+, CO2, and temperature induce O2 loading into the muscles
O2 unloaded into muscles onto Mb for use in mitochondrial respiration

44
Q

Metabolically speaking, which of the following definitions represents lactate threshold?

A

The point where maximal lactate export out of a cell equals lactate production within a cell

45
Q

Which of the following criteria can be used to validate a successful VO2max test?

A

Post-test blood lctate of >8 mmol/dL
VO2 plateaus or levels out prior to termination of the the test
HR is within +/- 5 bpm of the age-predicted maximun

46
Q

What is one advatage of mobilizing carbs as a fuel source instead of lipids?

A

More powerful/higher intensity

Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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