Exam 1 Terms

Question 1

When was the proterozoic eon?

Answer 1

750 to 540 million years ago

Question 2

What are the three eras of the phanerozoic eon?

Answer 2

Paleozoic, mesozoic, and cenozoic. Naturally, the paleozoic era is the furthest from us in terms of time, while the cenozoic era is, by comparison, more recent

Question 3

When was the paleozoic era (of the phanerozoic eon)?

Answer 3

540 to 250 million years ago

Question 4

When was the mesozoic era (of the phanerozoic eon)?

Answer 4

250 to 65 million years ago

Question 5

When was the cenozoic era (of the phanerozoic eon)?

Answer 5

65 to 0 million years ago

Question 6

What are the differences between the terms “homology and homoplasy?”

Answer 6

A homology is a shared trait that has been inherited from a common ancestor

A homoplasy is a shared but independently derived character = convergent evolution. Sometimes this will be called an analogous structure.

Question 7

Protobiont

Answer 7

Another term for a protocell

Question 8

How does allo-polyploidy occur?

Answer 8

If cytokinesis fails to occur in one of the gametes, the hybrid offspring will have paired chromosomes from that parent species

If the hybrid interbreeds with a member of the other parent species, all chromosomes from both parent species will be paired

The resulting offspring will now be fertile and have the combined chromosome composition of both parental species.

In other words, a hybrid gamete (n = 2) and a normal gamete (n = 1) can mateand produce a viable fertile hybrid (2n = 3)

Question 9

What is there difference between auto-polyploidy and allo-polyploidy?

Answer 9

Autopolyploidy occurs when a polyploid offspring is derived from a single parental species (usually via self fertilisation)
Allopolyploidy occurs when a polyploid offspring is derived from two distinct parental species