Exam 1- Terms Flashcards
What is dual diagnosis
Describes individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for an Axis I or Axis II mental disorder(s) along with one or more substance use disorders
Define comorbidity
Combinations of any types of psychiatric disorders that co-occur in the same individual
Define etiology
Cause: manner of causation of a disease or condition
Berkson’s fallacy
Folks with multiple disorders more likely to seek treatment
Problems with dual diagnosis?
Demographic variables
Most information from clinical patients
Berkson’s fallacy
Setting - hospital higher
Mental health treatment system & substance abuse treatment system
Research: substance abuse in indiv w/mental illness & mental illness within substance abuse
Cultural syndrome
Is a cluster or group of co-occurring, relatively invariant symptoms found in a specific cultural group, community, or context (e.g., ataque de nervios). The syndrome may or may not be recognized as an illness within the culture (e.g., it might be labeled in various ways), but such cultural patterns of distress and features of illness may nevertheless be recognizable by an outside observer
Cultural idiom of distress
is a linguistic term, phrase, or way of talking about suffering among individuals of a cultural group (e.g., similar ethnicity and religion) referring to shared concepts of pathology and ways of expressing, communicating, or naming essential features of distress (e.g., kufungisisa). An idiom of distress need not be associated with specific symptoms, syndromes, or perceived causes. It may be used to convey a wide range of discomfort, including everyday experiences, subclinical conditions, or suffering due to social circumstances rather than mental disorders. For example, most cultures have common bodily idioms of distress used to express a wide range of suffering and concerns.
Cultural explanation or perceived cause
Is a label, attribution, or feature of an explanatory model that provides a culturally conceived etiology or cause for symptoms, illness, or distress (e.g., maladi moun). Causal explanations may be salient features of folk classifications of disease used by laypersons or healers.
Positive symptoms
Behaviors not seen in “healthy” people- abide by cultural standards
Negative symptoms
Negative symptoms are associated with disruptions to normal emotions and behaviors. These symptoms are harder to recognize as part of the disorder and can be mistaken for depression or other conditions. These symptoms include the following:
“Flat affect” (a person’s face does not move or he or she talks in a dull or monotonous voice)
Lack of pleasure in everyday life
Lack of ability to begin and sustain planned activities
Speaking little, even when forced to interact.
Hypomania
Characterize by same symptoms of manic episodes:
Elated, expansive or irritable mood ( or any combination) and increased activity, plus at least 3 (4 if the mood is only irritable) of following symptoms: decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts or flight of ideas; rapid speech; inflated self esteem (grandiosity); impulsive reckless behavior; distract ability- only needs to be present for 4 days and results in distinct, observable, change in functioning
Bipolar, manic episode
Characterize by symptoms of Elated, expansive or irritable mood ( or any combination) and increased activity, plus at least 3 (4 if the mood is only irritable) of following symptoms: decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts or flight of ideas; rapid speech; inflated self esteem (grandiosity); impulsive reckless behavior; distract ability- needs to be present for a week unless interrupted by treatment. Must cause functional impairment
morbidity
incidence of disease
nosology
the branch of medical science dealing with the classification of diseases - what the DSM is
