Biopolar And Related Disorders Flashcards
What is cyclothymia?
Variant of bipolar disorder- characterized by 2 or more years (1 year if adolescents) of alternations between hypomanic and depressive symptoms, but none of these definitions meet the full DSM 5 criteria for a hypomanic or major depressive episode
What is the difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II
Bipolar I: defined by presence of a single manic episode that is not substance induced - need not experience major depressive episode
Bipolar II: characterized by major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes- both must be present- can’t be diagnosed with hypomanic alone
When would you diagnose someone “Bipolar disorder not elsewhere classified”
Patients whose disorder meets the minimum number of required symptoms but not the duration requirements for a full manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode – fun fact: many childhood onset patients receive this and up to 50% convert to bipolar I or II
What is rapid cycling BD?
Rapid cycling is defined as four or more manic, hypomanic, or depressive episodes in any 12-month period. With rapid cycling, mood swings can quickly go from low to high and back again, and occur over periods of a few days and sometimes even hours. The person feels like he or she is on a roller coaster, with mood and energy changes that are out-of control and disabling. In some individuals, rapid cycling is characterized by severe irritability, anger, impulsivity, and uncontrollable outbursts. While the term “rapid cycling” may make it sound as if the episodes occur in regular cycles, episodes actually often follow a random pattern. Some patients with rapid cycling appear to experience true manic, mild manic, or depressive episodes that last only for a day
**1 in 5 patients meets the criteria
What is the mean age of onset BDI & BPDII?
18.2 & 20.3
Gender & BP I & BPII
Women more likely to have depressive episodes and be characterized BPII. Also more likely to have rapid cycling
African American patients and BD treatment
African American patients much less likely to go to a follow up visit within 3 months of being diagnosed. Much more likely to be prescribed antipsychotic medication while white folks more likely to be prescribed mood stabilizers. BD illness prognosis much worse for African American patients as a result of less treatment and have a Mitch higher risk of attempted suicide and hospitalization
What does a manic episode look like?
Underlying factors: depressive moods, irritable aggression, insomnia, depressive inhibition, pure manic symptoms, emotional lability/agitation, psychosis
Manic episode: elated mood, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts. Less common: hyper sexuality, psychotic symptoms - most children had characteristics consistent with adult mania
BP & suicide
High risk of suicide. 12-15times higher than general pop. Especially high among younger recent onset men w/ comorbid alcohol or substance abuse, social isolation, depression, significant anxiety, aggression, impulsiveness, family history of suicide, combination of all
BD and function ability
4 times more likely to be disabled - high creative potential and productivity: many musicians, writers and politicians probably had disorder
