Exam 1 terms Flashcards
Relates to how smoothly conversation unfolds and is reflected by the time spent in repairing communication breakdowns, the exchange of information and ideas, and the sharing of speaking time.
Conversation fluency
An effect of an activity limitation that results in a change in the broader scope of a patient’s life
Participation restriction
A statistical procedure that analyzes the transmission of speech features by scoring confusions between test stimuli that are grouped based on the presence or absence of those feature
Information transmission analysis
Clinical decision making that is based on a review of the scientific evidence of benefits and costs of alternative forms of diagnosis or treatment, and a critical examination of current and past practices
EBP
A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more life activities in the individual
Disability
A graphic representation of hearing thresholds as a function of stimulus frequency
Audiogram
A change at the level of the person brought about by an impairment at the levels of body structure and function
Activity limitation
Speech recognition using auditory and visual cues
Speechreading
Categorical properties of phonemes; a phoneme can be described as a bundle of speech features
Speech features
A stimulus or response set that contains a fixed number of items, known to the patient
Closed set
Testing or training task that does not provide a set of choices to the patient
Open Set
In hearing aids, the difference in decibels between the input level of an acoustic signal and the output level
Gain
Extent to which a test yields similar results with repeated administration
Reliability
Manipulation of various parameters of the signal
Signal processing
Microphone that is sensate to sound coming from all directions
Ominidirectional
The extent to which a test measures what it is assumed to measure
Validity
The difference in sound pressure level (SPL) of a noise, measured at two different location
Noise Reduction
A term that describes a person who speaks two languages
Bilingual
An assistive listening device in which wires are not necessary to connect the sound source to the listener; including FM and infrared systems
Wireless system
The most basic auditory skill level; awareness of when a sound is present and when it is not
Sound Awareness
T-coil; induction coil often in a hearing aid that receives electromagnetic signals from a telephone or a loop amplification system
Telecoil
Strategies for fitting hearing aids by using a formula to calculate the desired gain and frequency response
Prescription procedures
A length of wire surrounding the circumference of a room or table that conducts electrical energy from an amplifier, and thus creates a magnetic field; the current flow from an induction loop can induce the tele coil in a hearing aid to providing amplified sound to the user
Induction loop system
A basic auditory skill level in which the listener is able to tell whether two sounds are different or the same
Sound discrimination
Physically measurable; in speechreading or auditory training, leads to a measurable result, expected within a particular time persil and/or after a particular lesson, the accomplishment of which represents a milestone toward achieving the corresponding goal
Objective
In auditory training a higher level of auditory skill development characterized by an ability to understand spoken message
Comprehension
Speech recognition using auditory and visual cues
Speech reading
The results toward which training or instruction is directed; it is the desired aim or outcome
Goal
In reference to auditory or speechreading training, the ability to label auditory or audiovisual stimuli
Identification
Groups of speech sounds that appear identical on the lips; for example, /p, m, b/
Viseme
Term used to refer to the physiological changes in the central nervous system that occur as a result of sensory experiences
Plasticity
Words that look identical on the mouth
Homophene
The process of recognizing speech using only the visual speech signal and other visual cues, such as facial expression
Lip reading
Speechreading or auditory training that emphasizes the understanding of meaning and not necessarily the identification and comprehension of every word spoken in an utterance
Synthatic training
Speechreading or auditory training that focuses the student’s attention on individual speech units
Analytic training
What is speech that is spoken in a moderately loud conversational level, and is characterized by precise but not exaggerated articulation, pauses at appropriate linguistic boundaries, and somewhat slowed speaking rate; often used to increase the message recognition of listeners with hearing loss?
Clear Speech
A measure indicating how often a particular word occurs during everyday conversation; sometimes referred to as frequency of occurrence
Frequency of Usage
A strategy used to facilitate communication; includes means taken to intruct the talker, structure the listening environment, enhancing the structure of the received message, and affect the speech recognition performance of the individual using the strategy
Facilitative Strategy
Inappropriate behavioral mechanisms for coping with the difficulties caused in conversation by hearing loss, such as avoidance behavior; they often yield short term benefit in exchange for long term consequences
Maladaptive Strategies
A professional who silently repeats a talker’s message as it is spoken so that a person with hearing loss may lipread the message
oral interpreter
Tactic taken by an individual when he or she has not understood a message presented by a communication partner
receptive repair strategy
A conversational occurrence in which communication partners establish a body of information as shared common ground for an ongoing conversational exchange
Grounding???
Relating to the perception of movement, position, and tension of body parts
Kinesthetic
Tactic taken by an individual when a communication partner has not understood one of his or her messages
Expressive repair strategy
A repair strategy used to repair a communication breakdown that does not provide specific instruction to the communication partner about what to do next
nonspecific repair strategy
Conversational style used by some persons with hearing loss, characterized by a respect for the rights of others and assuming responsibility for the success of the conversational interaction
Assertive conversational style
A condition that is devalued because it deviates from a societal norm and results in a negative status being placed on a person or group of persons
social stigma
an example of a structured communication interaction activity
topicon
conversational style of some persons who have hearing loss, characterized by withdrawal from conversation, frequent bluffing, and avoidance of social interactions
passive conversational style
self monitoring that influences how a person uses communication behaviors and strategies
Reactive
Conversational style characteristics of some persons who have hearing loss, characterized by hostility, belligerence, and a bad attitude
aggressive conversational style
conversational style in which aggression is expressed in indirect ways
passive agressive conversational style
