Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring '14-133 (Exam 1) > 1/28 Aural Rehabilitation and its Purpose > Flashcards

1/28 Aural Rehabilitation and its Purpose Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of Aural Rehab (AR) - Receptive?

A
  • Alleviate difficulties associated with losing one’s hearing.
  • Minimize the consequences of the loss.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Conversational fluency?

A

How smoothly does the conversation flow?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Hearing-related disability?

A

Loss of function imposed by the hearing loss?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA) has a three-part definition of Disability. Under ADA, an individual with a disability is a person who has what 3 things?

A

(1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; OR
(2) has a record of such an impairment; OR
(3) is regarded as having such an impairment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a hearing impairment?

A

Structural or functional impairment of the auditory system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a handicap?

A

Psychosocial disadvantages that result from a functional impairment. (The use of this term is discouraged.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three components of sound/hearing?

A
  1. Intensity/Loudness/Volume
  2. Frequency Identification/Distortion
  3. Duration/Processing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: In most cases, when hearing loss gets to the point of needing Aural Rehabilitation the loss is most likely permanent.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of hearing loss is permanent?

A

Sensorineural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to the World Health Org. (WHO) activity limitation is defined as what?

A

Loss of physical structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to the World Health Org. (WHO) participation restriction is defined as what?

A

Lifestyle change due to activity limitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the Factors Related to Participation Restrictions?

A
  • Limitations in communication activity
  • Lifestyle
  • Frequent communication partners: Or lack there of (widowed)
  • Psychosocial issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who Discovered a link between Hearing Loss and Dementia?

A

Frank Lin,MD, PhD of John Hopkins School Of Medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the Limitations in Communication Activity?

A
  • Use of appropriate listening device
  • Management of physical environment
  • Use of strategies to repair conversational breakdowns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are people affected by hearing loss?

A
  • Need to ask people to repeat themselves
  • Get annoyed with themselves
  • Use up extra energy to compensate
  • Give incorrect answers
  • Difficulty following conversations
  • Extra concentration to hear someone talk/whisper
  • Difficulty understanding TV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are common signs of hearing difficulty?

A
  • People seem to be mumbling
  • Harder to follow a conversation in meetings, restaurants or noisy places
  • Have difficulty hearing someone call you from another room.
  • Have to turn up the volume on the TV or radio
  • Family, friends or colleagues often have to repeat themselves
  • Tend to limit social activities because it’s difficult to hear or communicate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What feelings do people with untreated hearing loss report?

A
  • Sadness / Depression
  • Worry / Anxiety/Anger
  • Less Social Activity/Disinterested
  • Irritability/Loneliness
  • Fatigue/stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some Psychosocial Issues?

A
  • An individual’s attitudes, self-image, motivation, and assertiveness.
  • Effect of positive and negative factors
  • Affects participation and vice versa
  • Societal viewpoints affect patient’s activity participation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is habilitation?

A
  • Developing a skill that was never present

- Primarily used in reference to children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is rehabilitation?

A

Restoring a lost skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the Components of an AR Program?

A
  1. Diagnosis - permanent hearing loss
  2. Amplification - Hearing aid (HA) and/or assistive listening device (ALD) fitting
  3. Auditory training
  4. Communication strategies training
  5. Counseling
  6. Speech-reading training
  7. Speech-language therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: Teaching a pre-lingually deafened person to speak or read or write is ESL training?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the Areas AuD’s and SLP’s Conducting AR Need to Know?

A
  • Audio-logic assessment procedures and treatment
  • Audiogram: Severity, site of lesion, onset (age at which hearing loss was acquired), cause (pathology), and time course
  • Speech-language assessment procedures
  • Effects of hearing loss on communication: Speech banana, WR score, Formant
  • Collaboration with other agencies
  • Hearing conservation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the degree of hearing loss?

A
  • Hard of hearing – Hearing Aids Help
  • Deaf – Has hearing but hearing aids are minimally effective
  • Deaf (capital D) – Deaf Culture – Sign Language Culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the onset of hearing loss?

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Acquired
  3. Pre-lingual
  4. Peri-lingual
  5. Post-lingual: 4 divisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the sites of lesion?

A
  1. Conductive
  2. Sensory
  3. Neural
  4. Sensorineural
  5. Mixed
  6. Central
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the definition of conductive hearing loss?

A
  • Obstruction within outer or middle ear

- Prevents sound from fully reaching inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How can conductive hearing loss occur?

A

Congenitally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the treatment of conductive hearing loss ?

A

Medical treatment is possible in many cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the causes of conductive hearing loss ?

A
  1. Craniofacial anomaly (examples: microtia, atresia)
  2. Cerumen
  3. Otitis media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

T/F: These losses do not generally lead to the need for Aural Rehab?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T/F: Otitis Media can be a contributor to

Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD)?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does SNHL mean?

A

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the definition of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL)?

A

Permanent hearing loss occurring in inner ear, auditory nerve, brainstem, midbrain or auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the definition of Mixed Hearing Loss?

A

Evidence of both conductive & sensorineural hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the two different terms used to talk about time in hearing loss? *** I can’t think of the right verbage :-/

A
  • Progressive hearing loss

- Sudden hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Are AR services used across the lifespan?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the AR services in infants?

A
  • Advanced technology: HA/CI
  • Higher survival rate of premature infants
  • Early hearing loss detection and intervention (EHDI): ABR/OAE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the AR services in School-age children?

A

Educational planning and placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the AR services in Adults?

A

Workplace and community contributions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the AR services in elder people?

A
  • Maintenance of communication abilities: Active community participants, Stay in workplace, & Healthier routines
  • Socializing – Brain Plasticity
  • Bilingual Individuals with Hearing Loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the AR communication models in children?

A

Overlapping home, school, and social environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the AR communication models in adults?

A

Overlapping home, SOCIAL, and work environments

44
Q

How is AR cost effective?

A
  • Benefits of AR program vs. program costs
  • Private insurance carriers
  • Medicaid
  • Medicare

So not really cost effective!

45
Q

What is evidence-based practice (EBP)?

A
  • Make clinical decisions for patient care: Clinical expertise, Patient values, Scientific evidence
  • **Not “This is what we’ve always done”
  • Use well-documented research of outcomes
46
Q

In regards to EBP, what is outcome measures?

A

Amount of benefit experienced from treatment

47
Q

In regards to EBP, what is Independent variable?

A

Factor measured in the experiment

48
Q

In regards to EBP, what is Dependent variable?

A

Experimental Factor

49
Q

What are the levels of evidence going from MOST credible to LEAST credible?

A
  • Systematic meta-analysis of more than one randomized control trial
  • Well-designed, randomized control trials
  • Well-designed control trials without randomization
  • Well-designed, quasi-experimental studies
  • Well-designed, non-experimental studies
  • Expert committee report, etc.
50
Q

What is the Five-Step Approach to EBP?

A
  1. Ask question
  2. Use best evidence to answer question
  3. Determine if results pertinent to patient
  4. Determine if evidence applicable and feasible to patient
  5. Measure performance following intervention
51
Q

What does an audiological assessment consist of?

A
  • Audiometer: Instrument to measure hearing sensitivity
  • Threshold: Softest sound detected 50% of time
  • Insert earphones/headphones/soundfield
  • Bone oscillator/vibrator
52
Q

What is Speech Recognition/Word Understanding also referred to as?

A

speech perception

53
Q

What is Speech Recognition/Word Understanding/speech perception?

A

Ability to Recognize speech phonemes, words, and sentences

54
Q

What is Speech Recognition/Word Understanding?

A
  • Optimized through amplification and cochlear implants (CIs)
  • Assessment for 3+ y/o
55
Q

What does an audiogram consist of?

A
  • Pure Tone

- Speech

56
Q

Audiological terms: What does SRT mean?

A

Speech Reception threshold

57
Q

Audiological terms: What does SDS mean?

A

Speech Discrimination Score

58
Q

Audiological terms: What does WR mean?

A

Word recognition

59
Q

What are the 3 non- audiological terms?

A
  • Speech Recognition
  • Word Understanding
  • Speech Perception
60
Q

How do you measure the degree of hearing loss?

A
  • Audiogram: Frequency (Hz) & Decibel (dB)
  • Pure tone average
  • Configuration
61
Q

When talking about pure tones, what is normal for children?

A

-10 dB to +15 dB

62
Q

When talking about pure tones, what is normal?

A

0 - 20 dB

63
Q

When talking about pure tones, what is Mild?

A

25 - 40 dB

64
Q

When talking about pure tones, what is Moderate?

A

45 - 65 dB

65
Q

When talking about pure tones, what is Severe?

A

70 - 85 dB

66
Q

When talking about pure tones, what is Profound?

A

90 - 110 + dB

67
Q

What are the 3 aspects of understanding?

A
  1. The loudness of things
  2. The tuning of things
  3. The processing of things
68
Q

In a young brain these processes may not be fully developed, what are they?

A
  • What’s the sound?
  • Is it speech?
  • What are they saying?
  • Who’s talking?
  • Are they talking to me?
  • Where are they located?
69
Q

T/F: But In older brains these processes may be breaking down.

A

True

70
Q

What is the Degree of Hearing Loss?

A
  • Bilateral vs. unilateral
  • Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical
  • Fluctuating vs. stable
71
Q

How do you Identify the Type of Hearing Loss?

A
  • Air conduction: which reveals the overall perceptive loss
  • Bone conduction and its difference from air conduction: which reveals differentiation of conductive versus sensorineural loss
  • Air-bone gap: Difference between air and bone thresholds & Reveals conductive loss
72
Q

5 Rules to Differentiate Between Conductive and Sensorineural Loss ***** (NEED TO KNOW THIS)

A
  1. If air conduction threshold (ACT) is within normal limits and bone conduction threshold (BCT) for that same frequency is in normal limits and they do not differ from one another by 10 dB or more then this individual has normal hearing.
  2. If ACT is in normal range and BCT is in normal range but differ from one another by 10 dB or more then there is Conductive Dysfunction and referral is required.
  3. If ACT is outside normal limits and BCT is within normal limits and BCT is 10 dB or better than the ACT then the loss is conductive in nature.
  4. If the ACT is outside normal limits and the BCT is outside normal limits and they do not differ from one another by 10 dB or more then the loss is sensorineural in nature.
  5. If the ACT is outside normal limits and the BCT is outside normal limits but the BCT is better than the ACT by 10 dB or more then the loss is mixed in nature.
73
Q

**LOOK AT THE PICTURES OF AUDIOGRAMS

A

.

74
Q

If you have a mild degree of loss on word understanding in a quiet environment, what is the effect of speech recognition?

A

Little to no effect

75
Q

If you have a moderate degree of loss on word understanding in a quiet environment, what is the effect of speech recognition?

A

Little effect if topic known, face-to-face, and familiar vocabulary

76
Q

If you have a moderate degree of loss on word understanding, what is the effect of speech recognition without hearing aids?

A

Miss half to all speech

77
Q

If you have a moderate-to-severe degree of loss on word understanding, what is the effect of speech recognition without hearing aids?

A

Major effect; miss most to all speech, even face-to-face, particularly in groups

78
Q

If you have a severe degree of loss on word understanding, what is the effect of speech recognition without hearing aids?

A

Major effect; no recognition; only hear loud speech

79
Q

If you have a severe degree of loss on word understanding, what is the effect of speech recognition with hearing aids?

A

Detect environmental sounds

80
Q

If you have a profound degree of loss on word understanding, what is the effect of speech recognition with hearing aids?

A

may detect loud sounds

81
Q

If you have a profound degree of loss on word understanding, what is the effect of speech recognition without hearing aids?

A

Full effect; visual cues important; sound is vibrotactile

82
Q

If the configuration is low frequency loss; frequency is hearing loss below 1000 Hz; what is the effect on speech recognition?

A

Can hear more speech sounds from mid to high range

83
Q

If the configuration is high frequency loss; frequency is Hearing loss in mid-high to high frequency range; what is the effect on speech recognition?

A

Affects high frequency consonants, such as s, sh, t, p, k, and f; may be difficult to discriminate between d, b, g, v, z, h, l, r, and w

84
Q

What does the Speech reception threshold (SRT) consist of?

A
  • Use spondee words to obtain
  • Bisyllabic words with equal stress
  • Softest level can repeat 50% words
85
Q

What does word recognition scores (WR) consist of?

A
  • Percentage correctly repeated presented at comfortable level
  • Uses a phonetically balanced word list - 100 words on each list; Monosyllabic Words; The list represents all of the important phonetic sounds in English.; Words are represented in proportion to their occurrence in everyday speech.
86
Q

What does Speech Audiometry - Unaided consist of?

A
  • Most comfortable loudness level (MCL): Level for listening to speech comfortably
  • Uncomfortable loudness level (UCL): Level speech becomes uncomfortably loud
  • Dynamic range = UCL – SRT or PT Thresholds - TDs: Influences listening device selection & Influences development of auditory training program
87
Q

What are the Considerations for Speech Recognition Assessment?

A
  • Purpose
  • Patient variables
  • Stimuli units
  • Test procedures
88
Q

What is the Purpose of Speech Recognition Assessment?

A
  • Determine if amplification is Possible
  • Compare aided vs. unaided performance
  • Hearing Aid Evaluation
  • Reveal speech recognition difficulties to patient
  • Demonstrate benefits of visual cues for speech
  • Obtain performance when listening in background noise
  • Track performance over time
  • Determine need for speech perception training
  • Determine level to begin speech perception training
  • Determine most appropriate educational placement
  • Verification of benefit of amplification
89
Q

What are the Patient Variables of Speech Recognition Assessment?

A
  • Age and/or cognitive skills: Test must reflect abilities: Attention span; Compliance to take test
  • Linguistic competency
  • Vocabulary and syntactic knowledge
  • Degree of loss
  • Mode of communication
90
Q

What are the Stimuli Units of Speech Recognition Assessment?

A
  • Test selection
  • Stimuli: Suprasegmentals, phonemes, words, phrases, or sentences
  • Stimuli: Nonsense syllables, monosyllabic, or spondees
  • Population: Children or adults
  • Format: Open or closed set & Number of choices in set
91
Q

What is the speech feature analysis?

A
  • Analysis of errors during speech testing
  • Subjective analysis of errors and confusions
  • Formal statistical analysis
  • Information transmission analysis
  • Multidimensional scaling
  • Cluster analysis
92
Q

What is the consonant classification?

A
  • Nasality
  • Voicing
  • Duration
  • Frication
  • Place
  • Envelope
93
Q

What are the advantages of phoneme stimuli?

A
  • Unaffected by vocabulary level

- Can perform feature analysis

94
Q

What are the disadvantages of phoneme stimuli?

A
  • Usually not appropriate for children

- Poor face validity

95
Q

What is Monosyllabic Word Stimuli?

A
  • Most commonly used stimuli
  • Phonetically balanced word lists (Phonetically-Balanced Kindergarten (PB-K))
  • Acoustic lexical neighborhood word lists (Lexical Neighborhood Test (LNT), Multi-syllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test (MLNT))
  • Frequency of occurrence determines neighborhood: Dense neighborhood (many similar words); Sparse neighborhood (Few similar words)
96
Q

What are the advantages of word stimuli?

A
  • Higher face validity than nonsense syllables
  • Easy to score
  • Able to do fine-grain scoring
97
Q

What are the disadvantages of word stimuli?

A
  • Not representative of everyday listening situations

- Limited vocabulary influence outcomes

98
Q

(Stimuli Units of Speech Recognition Assessment) How may phrases and sentence help?

A
  • May or may not be topic-related
  • Higher face validity: Relate to real-world stimuli
  • Prosodic cues: Intonation, rate, and duration
  • Contextual information: Redundancy leads to recognition
  • Coarticulation: Word transition provides redundancy for recognition & Allows for prediction
99
Q

What are the advantages of phrases and sentences?

A
  • High face validity

- Reflects real-world performance

100
Q

What are the disadvantages of phrases and sentences?

A
  • Linguistic knowledge influential

- Familiarity of topic influential

101
Q

What are the 3 test conditions of a speech recognition assessment?

A

Audition only: no visual cues

Vision only: Speechreading

Audition + vision: Both simultaneously

102
Q

What does audition only consist of?

A
  • Sensation level (SL): dB above SRT
  • Use of background noise
  • Speaker-talker babble
  • Speech noise
  • White noise
  • Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
  • Speech stimuli 10 dB louder than noise = +10 SNR
  • Speech stimuli 10 dB softer than noise = -10 SNR
103
Q

What does vision only entail?

A
  • Talker’s head and shoulders are visual
  • Talker faces patient 0 degrees azimuth
  • Assesses lipreading/speechreading ability
  • Computer testing allows test pacing and on-line scoring
104
Q

What does audition+vision encompass?

A

Demonstrates best performance scenario

Hearing so poor, audition-only not feasible

Patient may be good speechreader

Speechreading enhancement scores: AV% correct minus V% correct; AV% correct minus V% divided by 100% minus V% correct

105
Q

What are some considerations of the Test Procedures of Speech Recognition Assessment?

A

Response format: Closed vs. open set

Test presentation: Recorded vs. live-voice stimuli

Test talker styles: Voice frequency; Intonation; Speech rate; Articulation & Physical characteristics

106
Q

What are some recorded test materials?

A

Synthesized speech is computer-generated

Altered speech is modified by:

    - Time-compressed – accelerated speech;    
    - Expanded – decelerated speech; 
    - Low-pass filtered – lets low Hz’s in but attenuates high Hz’s; 
    - High-pass filtered – lets high Hz’s in but attenuates low Hz’s
107
Q

What are test considertations?

A

Learning effects
- Performance affected by familiarity of test items

Compensate by:

  • Using equivalent lists
    - Though not reliable
  • Increasing number of test items per test
  • Using closed-set matrix format

Test-retest variability

  • Individual performance or motivation
  • Nature of test

Test reliability
- Repeatable test results

Test validity
- Test measures what it says it measures

Mode of presentation
- Live-voice to recorded stimuli

Location
- Sound booth to clinic office

Talker

  • Familiar vs. unfamiliar
  • Male vs. female

Repetition of test items affects performance

Clinical significance

Monolingual or bilingual patient

  • Appropriate materials for bilingual patient
  • Tester should understand language to score accurately

Spring '14-133 (Exam 1) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions