Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 208 > Exam 1 terms > Flashcards

Exam 1 terms Flashcards

1
Q

death

A

an irreversible loss of capacity for consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

senescene

A

the “wearing out” of organs as a result of carious aging processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

premature death

A

happens before age 70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

paradox of mortality

A

hardwired to die and survive
-though death is a universal reality of being human, our mortality is also one of our greatest sources of anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nonfunctionality

A

once something dies, all life-defining abilities (walking ,talking) cease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

irreversibility

A

once physical body dies, cannot come back to life again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

universality

A

all living things must eventually die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

applicability

A

only living things can die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

causality

A

certain things lead to/cause death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ages 3-5 understanding of death

A

limited, inaccurate
-understands nonfunctionality but not seen as final or universal
-magical thinking about death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ages 5-10 understanding of death

A

understand that death is final and universal
-pet death can help understanding
-causality often understood at this pt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ages 10-16 understanding of death

A

complex and abstract understanding of death
-universality & inevitability completely understood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

main sources of childrens learning about death

A

direct experiences, parental communication, portrayal in media and arts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mortality salience

A

awareness/thinking of death
-increases with age
-children and young adults little mortality salience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thanatophobia

A

clinical fear of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

necrophobia

A

fear of dead/dying persons/things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4 common aspects of death anxiety

A

1) seen as a radical transformation & separation
2) understood as an annihilation of the self
3) threat to realization of life’s basic goals & properties
4) threat to the meaningfulness of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

factors affecting death anxiety

A

age, gender, marital status, occupation, socioeconomic status (higher class lower anxiety), religiosity, psychological state/heatlh, reduced sense of control, lack of meaning, low self esteem, lack of purpose, regrets, pessimism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

age and mortality salience

A

older=more likely to think about death but less likely to fear
-death anxiety tends to increase in aged 80+ in nursing homes
-older adults more likely to fear dying process, younger adults more likely to fear death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which gender has greater death anxiety?

A

women
-depression more common in women?
-women second spike of death fear in 50s…menopause?more independence?
-by age 60, fear is equal among genders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

terror management theory

A

death anxiety/fear of mortality are biggest motivators in life
-an unconscious motivation for the search for meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

proximal defenses

A

when presented with the threat of death we deny the threat/try to prolong life
-when thoughts of death are conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

distal defenses

A

when presented with the threat of death we adhere more strongly to our worldviews and defend our self esteem
-when thoughts of death are out of conscious awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

meaning management theory

A

search for meaning is a primary motive (not fear of death); driven to make meaning in life
-thru meaning we overcome death anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

meaningful maintenance model

A

ppl have a need for meaning; driven to make meaning
-when sense of meaning is threatened, they reaffirm alternative representations as a way to regain meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

death denial

A

ignoring or supressing the thought of death, including any associated anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

death acceptance

A

a giving in & realizing inevitability of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

approach-oriented death acceptance

A

ppl feel truly positive about death, may look forward to it’s occurence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

escape-oriented death acceptance

A

ppl view end of life as welcome & as an escape from pain & suffering (MAID)
-rational drive, sometimes depression or despair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

neutral death acceptance

A

accept inevitability of death, neither look forward or fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

fear of death sig lower in… (age)

A

older adults vs younger adults

32
Q

approach oriented acceptance most highly correlated with wellbeing in (age)

A

older adults

33
Q

neutral approach higher in (age) vs (age)

A

older adults vs younger adults

34
Q

escape acceptance significantly higher in (age) vs (age)

A

older vs young/mid adults

35
Q

kubler ross stages of dying

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

36
Q

denial kubler ross

A

temp shock response in which the person does not believe/accept whats happening

37
Q

anger kubler ross

A

feelings of frustration & resentment over whats happening

38
Q

bargaining

A

brief (often shortest) stage involving irrational attempts to postpone death

39
Q

depression

A

longest stage, some don’t move on
-feelings of sadness, despair, helplessness, grieving over one’s losses and impending death

40
Q

reactive depression

A

past losses…jobs, hobbies, mobility

41
Q

prepatory depression

A

losses to come…their future, family, realtionships

42
Q

acceptance kubler ross

A

a ‘giving in’ and realizing of the inevitability of death, often neither happy noir sad, often void of feelings

43
Q

living-dying interval model

A

1) acute phase: anxiety and fear at their peak
2) chronic living-dying phase: anxiety reduced; Qs about unknown asked; acceptance begins
3) terminal phase: imminent death is finally accepted; person withdraws emotional & socially

44
Q

stages of death work

A

1) the psychological- preparing to meet one’s end & coming to terms with dying
2) the social: enabling oneself to help loved ones in preparation for their survival

45
Q

achieveing an appropriate death

A

1) reduction of conflicts (inner and outer)
2) compatibility with ego ideal (being ideal version of yourself)
3) continuity of relationships preserved and restored
4) fulfillment of prevailing wishes

46
Q

what is personal meaning

A

a sense of purpose, direction, order, reason for existence, desire to connect

47
Q

edgework

A

behaviour that explores the limits of safety&convention, voluntary risk taking

48
Q

near death experience

A

involve a variety of sensations reported by people who have died and been brought back to life & by people who have come close to death

49
Q

common NDE expereinces

A

hearing someone pronounce them dead, seeing themselves and others from outside their bodies, feelings of peace, travelling thru tunnel, interacting with deceased loved ones, seeking review of their life, soming back into body. all more common among religious people

50
Q

reminiscence

A

intentional & non intentional act of recollecting memories of oneself in the past
-most are positive, some are regret

51
Q

life review

A

return of memories and past conflict at end of life; spontaneous or structured evaluation/reconciliation of one’s life

52
Q

symbolic immortality

A

a sense of continuity or immorality thru symbolic means (biological, creative, transcendental, natural, experiential transcendence

53
Q

generativity

A

a concern establishing the next generation vs stagnation

54
Q

goal of meaning making

A

potential to reduce neg effect and boost post effect
-coping strategy

55
Q

an existential vaccum

A

a state or crisis of meaninglessness

56
Q

suicidal ideation

A

thinking about, considering or planning suicide

57
Q

mourning

A

grieiving that conforms to social and cultural norms

58
Q

anterior cingulate cortex

A

absense of elevated activity is why we cannot disengage in lost relevant stimulus

59
Q

posterior cingulate cortex

A

autobiographical memory, recall of familiar voices/faces
higher activity = lots of time thinking about loved one

60
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

expression of feelings, desires
-loss/grief/trauma I’mpacts emotional processing

61
Q

survivors acceptance

A

accepting reality that loved one is physically gone and recognizing that this new reality is permanent
-learning to live w loss doesn’t mean being okay w the loss

62
Q

4 stages of grief

A

shock & numbess, yearning & searching, despair & disorganization, recognition & recovery

63
Q

dual process model

A

involves fluctuation btwn relationship w deceased (loss orientation) and alternate focus on everyday tasks & distractions (restoration orientation)

64
Q

passways through grief

A

grief is open ended, cyclical, no end in sight, varies among individuals

65
Q

common grief

A

no D, D 6m, no D 18m

66
Q

chronic grief

A

no D, D6m, D18m

67
Q

chronic depression

A

D, D6m, D18m

68
Q

depressed improved

A

D declines

69
Q

resilient

A

low D, low D6m, low D18m

70
Q

widowhood effect

A

older ppl who have lost a spouse at higher risk of dying themselves

71
Q

complicated grief

A

occurs when grieving process does not progress as expected

72
Q

prolonged grief disorder

A

basically same as complicated grief but in the DSM5 as a diagnosis

73
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

changing neg thoughts that underlie difficult emotions

74
Q

evocative language

A

counsellor uses “tough words” to encourage greater acceptance of reality of loss

75
Q

narriative therapy

A

writing can be used to help survivor express their feelings and thoughts more freely

76
Q

memorialization activities

A

activities aimed at remembering and honouring deceased

77
Q

continuing bonds

A

the presence of ongoing inner relationship with the deceased by the bereaved individual

PSYC 208 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions