exam 1 study guide biology Flashcards
What are the properties of life?
order, reproduction, growth, energy, response, regulation, adaptation.
Hierarchy of life (small to large)
molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.
Difference between deductive and inductive reasoning
deductive: test hypothesis (general to specific)
inductive: draw conclusion (specific to general)
What are the parts of the Scientific Process?
Observation, ask question, research, create hypothesis, test hypothesis, results, conclusion.
Difference between positive and negative control
Positive control: no experimental treatment but exposed to treatment to produce effect
Negative control: no experimental treatment at all
What are the three domains of life?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Define atom, element, cation, anion
atom: unit of matter
element: building block
cation: loses electrons (+ charge)
anion: gains electrons (- charge)
What charge are protons, electrons, and neutrons?
Be able to tell how many of each when given periodic table.
protons: positive; atomic number
electrons: negative; atomic number if not ion
neutrons: none; atomic number-atomic mass
Which elements are most abundant in life?
C, H, O, N
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
atomic number (in order of protons).
What makes up the atomic mass?
mass of protons (atomic number) + mass of neutrons
What makes an element reactive?
electrons fill outer shell.
Difference between ionic bond, covalent bond, and hydrogen bond?
ionic and covalent bonds = strong
hydrogen bond = weak
What makes a polar molecule polar?
Ionic bond: exchanged electrons
Covalent bond: shared electrons
Hydrogen bond: partial positive H attracted to partial negative of another molecule.
Polar molecule
Part of the molecule is more positive than the other.
Part of the molecule is more negative than the other.
Be able to recognize an acid or base from its pH number
7- neutral
below 7- acidic
above 7- basic
What’s the definition of organic
contain H and C
Know the monomers of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
carbohydrates: sugar
proteins: amino acids
nucleic acids: nucleotides
Know the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid
Triglyceride: 1 glycerol molecule (backbone) + 3 fatty acid (2 tails- non-polar)
Phospholipid: phosphate group (head and polar) + fatty acid (2 tails- non-polar)
Difference between glycogen and starch
glycogen: animal stores sugar (forms glucose)
starch: plants store sugar
Difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis: removes water, form bond
hydrolysis: adds water, break bond
Difference between saturated and unsaturated fat
Saturated: solid at room temperature; no double bonds
Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature; at least 1 double bond
Chemical formula for glucose
C6H12O6
Be able to recognize the different polysaccharides from their descriptions
Starch: plants
Glycogen: animals
Cellulose: plant cell wall
Chitin: fungi cell wall
