exam 1 study guide biology

Question 1

What are the properties of life?

Answer 1

order, reproduction, growth, energy, response, regulation, adaptation.

Question 2

Hierarchy of life (small to large)

Answer 2

molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.

Question 3

Difference between deductive and inductive reasoning

Answer 3

deductive: test hypothesis (general to specific)
inductive: draw conclusion (specific to general)

Question 4

What are the parts of the Scientific Process?

Answer 4

Observation, ask question, research, create hypothesis, test hypothesis, results, conclusion.

Question 5

Difference between positive and negative control

Answer 5

Positive control: no experimental treatment but exposed to treatment to produce effect
Negative control: no experimental treatment at all

Question 6

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 6

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 7

Define atom, element, cation, anion

Answer 7

atom: unit of matter
element: building block
cation: loses electrons (+ charge)
anion: gains electrons (- charge)

Question 8

What charge are protons, electrons, and neutrons?

Be able to tell how many of each when given periodic table.

Answer 8

protons: positive; atomic number
electrons: negative; atomic number if not ion
neutrons: none; atomic number-atomic mass

Question 9

Which elements are most abundant in life?

Answer 9

C, H, O, N

Question 10

How are elements arranged on the periodic table?

Answer 10

atomic number (in order of protons).

Question 11

What makes up the atomic mass?

Answer 11

mass of protons (atomic number) + mass of neutrons

Question 12

What makes an element reactive?

Answer 12

electrons fill outer shell.

Question 13

Difference between ionic bond, covalent bond, and hydrogen bond?

Answer 13

ionic and covalent bonds = strong

hydrogen bond = weak

Question 14

What makes a polar molecule polar?

Answer 14

Ionic bond: exchanged electrons
Covalent bond: shared electrons
Hydrogen bond: partial positive H attracted to partial negative of another molecule.

Question 15

Polar molecule

Answer 15

Part of the molecule is more positive than the other.

Part of the molecule is more negative than the other.

Question 16

Be able to recognize an acid or base from its pH number

Answer 16

7- neutral
below 7- acidic
above 7- basic

Question 17

What’s the definition of organic

Answer 17

contain H and C

Question 18

Know the monomers of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

Answer 18

carbohydrates: sugar
proteins: amino acids
nucleic acids: nucleotides

Question 19

Know the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid

Answer 19

Triglyceride: 1 glycerol molecule (backbone) + 3 fatty acid (2 tails- non-polar)
Phospholipid: phosphate group (head and polar) + fatty acid (2 tails- non-polar)

Question 20

Difference between glycogen and starch

Answer 20

glycogen: animal stores sugar (forms glucose)
starch: plants store sugar

Question 21

Difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Answer 21

dehydration synthesis: removes water, form bond

hydrolysis: adds water, break bond

Question 22

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fat

Answer 22

Saturated: solid at room temperature; no double bonds
Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature; at least 1 double bond

Question 23

Chemical formula for glucose

Answer 23

C6H12O6

Question 24

Be able to recognize the different polysaccharides from their descriptions

Answer 24

Starch: plants
Glycogen: animals
Cellulose: plant cell wall
Chitin: fungi cell wall

Question 25

Properties of a fat

Answer 25

non-polar, fatty acid tails are hydrophobic, organic

Question 26

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 26

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 27

What are the difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 27

DNA: double helix; thymine
RNA: single strand; uracil

Question 28

Subcomponents of a nucleotide

Answer 28

Ribose (5 C sugar) + phosphate group + nitrogenous base

Nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 29

How is water added in hydrolysis?

Answer 29

Two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule

Question 30

What are the four general structures of all cells?

Answer 30

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material