Exam 1 Study Guide

Question 0

Communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words, that is, in oral, verbal communication

Answer 0

Speech

Question 1

Refers to any act in which information is given to or received from another person concerning that person’s needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affection

Answer 1

Communication

Question 2

A complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought and communication (a tool)

Answer 2

Language

Question 3

The study of the sound system of language and includes the rules that govern its spoken form

Answer 3

Phonology

Question 4

Studies the structure of words; how words are built out of pieces

Answer 4

Morphology

Question 5

Consists of organizational rules denoting word, phrase, & clause order, sentence organization and the relationship between words; word classes; and other sentence elements

Answer 5

Syntax

Question 6

Study of linguistic meaning and includes the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences

Answer 6

Semantics

Question 7

Refers to the study of language used to communicate within various situational context

Answer 7

Pragmatics

Question 8

The impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts including verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbol systems

Answer 8

Communication disorders

Question 9

Indicate oral, verbal communication that deviates from the norm; and are divided into articulation, fluency, and voice disorders

Answer 9

Speech disorder

Question 10

Impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems

Answer 10

Language disorder

Question 11

They totality of motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech

Answer 11

Articulation

Question 12

Impaired comprehension of the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations
(Organization and function of the phonological system is impaired)

Answer 12

Phonological disorder

Question 13

Difficulties with the motor aspects of speech, or an inability to produce certain speech sounds
(Peripheral motor processes are disturbed)

Answer 13

Articulation disorder

Question 14

Variations in phoneme realizations that do not change the meaning of a word when they are produced in differing contexts

Answer 14

Allophones

Question 15

Sound units are recorded with as much production detail as possible

Answer 15

Narrow transcription

Question 16

Based on the phoneme system of the particular language each symbol represents a phoneme

Answer 16

Broad transcription

Question 17

Marks added to sound transcription symbols in order to give them a particular phonetic value

Answer 17

Diacritics

Question 18

A speech sound with a significant constriction within the vocal tract, mainly in the oral and pharyngeal cavities, foremost along the sagittal midline of the oral cavity

Answer 18

Consonants

Question 19

A speech sound that is formed without significant constriction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities; normally serving as a syllable nucleus

Answer 19

Vowels

Question 20

The concept that the articulators are continually moving into position for other segments over a stretch of speech

Answer 20

Coarticulation

Question 21

Adaptive articulatory changes by which one speech sound becomes similar, sometimes identical, and to a neighboring sound segment

Answer 21

Assimilation

Question 22

Describes those sound changes that affect the structure of the syllable

Answer 22

Syllable structure process

Question 23

Consists of all sound segments of a syllable prior to its peak

Answer 23

Onset

Question 24

The most prominent, acoustically most intense part of the syllable; usually a vowel

Answer 24

Peak

Question 25

(See closed syllable) The syllable that has a coda, for example,stop; a checked syllable

Answer 25

Checked syllable

Question 26

(see open syllable) A syllable that does not contain a coda, for example, do; an unchecked syllable

Answer 26

Unchecked syllable

Question 27

Cover term for nucleus (vowel) and coda the (arrest of the syllable)

Answer 27

Rhyme

Question 28

All the sound segments of a syllable following its peak

Answer 28

Coda

Question 29

Referring to the similarity between two sounds i.e. /p/ and /b/

Answer 29

Cognate

Question 30

The area within the vocal tract that remains motionless during consonant articulation, that is, the passive articulator; the part that the organ of articulation approaches or contacts directly

Answer 30

Place of articulation

Question 31

The type of constriction that the active and passive articulators produce for the realization of a particular consonant

Answer 31

Manner of articulation

Question 32

The presence or absence of simultaneous vibration of the vocal cords resulting in voiced or voiceless consonants

Answer 32

Voicing

Question 33

The part within the vocal tract that actually moves to achieve the articulatory result; the active articulator

Answer 33

Organ of articulation

Question 34

The parts within the vocal tract that actually move to achieve the articulatory result

Answer 34

Active articulator