Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a Sp3 Hybridization (Bonds, hybrid orbitals, bond angles, shape)?
No double bonds, 4 hybrid orbitals, 109.5 bond angles, tetrahedral
What are the characteristics of a Sp2 Hybridization (Bonds, hybrid orbitals, bond angles, shape)?
Has double bonds, 3 hybrid orbitals, 120 bond angles trigonal planar
What are the characteristics of a Sp Hybridization (Bonds, hybrid orbitals, bond angles, shape)?
Has a triple bond, 2 hybrid orbitals, 180 bond angles, linear
What happens when adding 2 halogens (Br2 or Cl2) to an alkene?
It adds halogens to opposite sides of the alkene
What are key things to remember about an SN2 reaction?
There must be a BACKSIDE ATTACK (It just replaces one molecule with another)
How can you prepare an epoxide from a halohydrine?
You must add a strong base to take off the hydrogen and encourage the halogen to become a leaving group
How can you prepare an epoxide from an alkene and a peroxycarboxylic acid?
It just forms an epoxide wherever there was a double bond
Define Lewis Acids/Bases
Acids: Proton donors
Bases: Proton acceptors
Define Bronstead Acids/Bases
Acids: electron acceptors
Bases: electron donors
What does ZnCu, CH2I2 do?
It forms oxygenless epoxides where ever there are double bonds
Which way does the oxygen go in a 1. CH3MgBr 2. H20
The oxygen goes towards the more substituted carbon
What do homo and lumo mean?
-Highest occupied molecular orbital
-Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
What does the homo react with?
The electrophile
What does the lumo react with?
The nucleophile
When writing reasonable reaction mechanisms the HOMO of the [Blank] attacks the LUMO of the [Blank]
Nucleophile, Electrophile
