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Meat Science > exam 1 study guide > Flashcards

exam 1 study guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue is

A

striated
found in skeletal muscles
easily fatigued

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2
Q

Smooth muscle tissue is

A

in walls of blood vessels & digestive tract
single nucleus
involuntary

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3
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue is

A

striated
single nucleus
heart muscle
branching network
involuntary
intercalated disks

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4
Q

fasciculus

A

a bundle of fibers enveloped by connective tissue

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5
Q

what binds all fasciculi together?

A

fibrous connective tissue

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6
Q

what is the connective tissue covering the entire muscle

A

deep fascia

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7
Q

what is the cordlike attachment of a muscle

A

tendon

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8
Q

what is the sheet like attachment of a muscle

A

aponeurosis

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9
Q

what is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

sarcolemma

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10
Q

what is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell

A

sarcoplasm

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11
Q

what is the threadlike contractile elements

A

myofibril

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12
Q

what are the thinner protein filaments in myofibrils

A

actin

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13
Q

what are the thicker protein filaments in myofibrils

A

myosin

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14
Q

what is the portion of a myofibril between Z line

A

sarcomere

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15
Q

what are the light and dark bands on myofibrils

A

striations

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16
Q

what is the attachment of motor axon to sarcolemma

A

neuromuscular junction

17
Q

What is the depression in sarcolemma receiving axon tip

A

synaptic cleft

18
Q

what is a motor neuron and its attached muscle fibers

A

motor unit

19
Q

what combines with oxygen to store small amounts of oxygen in muscle cells

A

myoglobin

20
Q

what is the phase of cellular respiration that requires oxygen

A

aerobic

21
Q

what are the products of pyruvic acid breakdown when adequate oxygen is present

A

energy, H2O, CO2

22
Q

What is acid formed from pyruvic acid when adequate oxygen is not available

A

lactic acid

23
Q

What provides direct energy for muscle contraction

A

ATP

24
Q

What chemical whose accumulation produces an oxygen debt

A

lactic acid

25
Q

what is released from creatine phosphate to quickly re form ATP

A

high energy phosphate

26
Q

what are the smallest stimulus causing a contraction

A

minimal

27
Q

what activation of a muscle fiber causes a (all-or-none,graded) contration

A

all or none

28
Q

what is the primary cause of fatigue

A

lactic acid

29
Q

what are the type of contractions observed in whole muscles

A

graded

30
Q

what is the smallest stimulus that activates all motor units of a muscle

A

maximal

31
Q

what controls the number of motor units that are activated

A

nervous system

Meat Science (3 decks)

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