exam 1 study guide Flashcards
Skeletal muscle tissue is
striated
found in skeletal muscles
easily fatigued
Smooth muscle tissue is
in walls of blood vessels & digestive tract
single nucleus
involuntary
Cardiac muscle tissue is
striated
single nucleus
heart muscle
branching network
involuntary
intercalated disks
fasciculus
a bundle of fibers enveloped by connective tissue
what binds all fasciculi together?
fibrous connective tissue
what is the connective tissue covering the entire muscle
deep fascia
what is the cordlike attachment of a muscle
tendon
what is the sheet like attachment of a muscle
aponeurosis
what is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell
sarcolemma
what is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell
sarcoplasm
what is the threadlike contractile elements
myofibril
what are the thinner protein filaments in myofibrils
actin
what are the thicker protein filaments in myofibrils
myosin
what is the portion of a myofibril between Z line
sarcomere
what are the light and dark bands on myofibrils
striations
what is the attachment of motor axon to sarcolemma
neuromuscular junction
What is the depression in sarcolemma receiving axon tip
synaptic cleft
what is a motor neuron and its attached muscle fibers
motor unit
what combines with oxygen to store small amounts of oxygen in muscle cells
myoglobin
what is the phase of cellular respiration that requires oxygen
aerobic
what are the products of pyruvic acid breakdown when adequate oxygen is present
energy, H2O, CO2
What is acid formed from pyruvic acid when adequate oxygen is not available
lactic acid
What provides direct energy for muscle contraction
ATP
What chemical whose accumulation produces an oxygen debt
lactic acid
what is released from creatine phosphate to quickly re form ATP
high energy phosphate
what are the smallest stimulus causing a contraction
minimal
what activation of a muscle fiber causes a (all-or-none,graded) contration
all or none
what is the primary cause of fatigue
lactic acid
what are the type of contractions observed in whole muscles
graded
what is the smallest stimulus that activates all motor units of a muscle
maximal
what controls the number of motor units that are activated
nervous system
