Exam 1 Self Quizzes Flashcards
___ argues that societies invent the concept of mental illness so that they can control people whose unusual patterns of functioning upset or threaten the social order
Thomas Szasz
A person who suffered from the form of mass madness called lycanthropy may have been believed to be possessed by:
wolves
A trephine is:
a stone instrument used to cut away a circular section of the skull
All forms of therapy have which three essential features?
a sufferer, a healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer
Behavior that is psychologically abnormal is called all but which of the following?
mental instability
general paresis, an irreversible disorder that causes physical and mental symptoms including paralysis and delusions of grandeur, was found to be caused by:
syphilis
judgments of abnormality depend on __ as well as on cultural norms
specific circumstances
The Boston schoolteacher who made humane care a public and political concern in 19th century America was:
Dorothea Dix
Insurance parity laws are concerned with:
providing equal coverage for mental and medical problems
The policy of releasing patients from public mental hospitals was known as:
deinstitutionalization
the role of clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology is to:
detect, assess, and treat abnormal patterns of functioning
which was one of the different mental disorders described by ancient Greeks and Romans?
melancholia
Before the 1950s, almost all outpatient care for psychological disturbances took the form of:
private psychotherapy
The treatment mechanism associated with touching a troubled area of a patients body with a special rod was
mesmerism
Which of the following terms was the earliest used to describe those we now refer to as mentally ill?
unstable
which of the following is true regarding the four Ds of abnormality?
None of the four Ds is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality
According to ancient views of abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of their abnormal behaviors, which of the following steps would be taken?
the shaman would perform a more extreme exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person
Which of the following terms, which has come to mean a chaotic uproar derived its name from a London hospital where mentally ill patients were treated in horrendous ways?
Bedlam
the work of Dorothea Dix led to the establishment of many ____ around the country
state hospitals
the term eugenics refers to which of the following?
a political policy of preventing those who suffer from mental illness from reproducing
at present, which single viewpoint dominates the clinical field as the psychoanalytic perspective once did?
none of the answers are correct. Neither Gestalt, behavioral or cognitive
Which 19th century perspective held the view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes?
somatogenic
Roman is a loner. He lives in a cabin in the woods with no running water or electricity. While he manages to survive this way, living so far from the closest city makes it very hard for him to get and keep gainful employment. He is often unhappy with his situation, yet feels that he can do nothing to change it and has lived this way for years. Roman’s behavior may be considered all but which of the following?
Dangerous
Hippocrates believed that abnormal behavior was caused by:
imbalance in bodily fluids
One of the most prominent forerunners to the modern community mental health program was at Gheel, which was located in:
Belgium
According to research conducted on eccentric people, which of the following statements is true?
They have fewer emotional problems than the general population
The French physician was associated with asylum reform at La Bicêtre.
Philippe Pinel
Today, the dominant form of insurance coverage for mental health patients is:
managed care
The job of ___ is to gather information systematically so that they may describe, predict, and explain
the phenomena they study.
clinical scientists
A federal parity law, requiring insurance companies to provide equal coverage for mental and medical
problems, was enacted in the United States of America in:
2011
The area of psychology concerned with the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities is:
positive psychology
Trying to correct the social conditions that give rise to psychological problems and identifying
individuals who are at risk for developing emotional problems is known as:
prevention
The ___ perspective views the chief causes of abnormal functioning as psychological.
psychogenic
What percentage of current psychology graduate students are female?
72%
The “four Ds” of abnormality are:
deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
Before the 1950s, psychotherapy was offered only by:
psychiatrists
___ is generally defined as a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal
behavior.
treatment
In the middle ages in Europe, people who suffered the bite of a “wolf spider” believed that the only way to rid themselves of the resulting symptoms was to do a dance called a:
tarantella
Which German physician was the first to specialize in mental illness and is now considered the founder
of the modern study of psychopathology?
Johann Weyer
The main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist is:
a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can provide therapy; a psychologist is NOT a medical doctor
but can provide therapy
A procedure in which a pointed instrument was inserted into the frontal lobe of the brain to destroy
brain tissue was known as:
a lobotomy
A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulation’s effect on another
variable is observed is known as a(n):
experiment
A(n) ____ experiment is most likely to use animals as subjects in order to learn more about human
beings.
analogue
Clinical practitioners seek a(n) ____ understanding of abnormal behavior.
idiographic
Clinical researchers look for truths about the causes and treatments of abnormality.
nomothetic
If a research study concludes that the less coffee you drink, the less anxiety you experience, the
researchers most likely used:
the correlational method
If a research study concludes that the more activities you participate in, the less likely you are to be
depressed, the conclusion would be expressed as:
a negative correlation
If there is less than a five percent probability that a study’s findings are due to chance, the findings
are said to be:
statistically significant
Sigmund Freud utilized the ___ to study the very unique situation involving Little Hans, a young boy who
developed a fear of horses.
case study
Studies that reveal the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are known as:
epidemiological studies
The ___ effect is the term that describes a researcher unintentionally transmitting his or her
expectations about the outcome of the research to a research subject.
Rosenthal
Which statistic represents the greatest correlation?
-.95
When the findings of research can be generalized to people beyond the immediate study, the
investigation is said to have:
external validity
Researchers investigating a rare disorder that affects only a few subjects would most likely use a(n) ___
design.
single-subject experimental
The Three Faces of Eve chronicles a study of a woman who displayed three different personalities.
case
In a ___ study both the participants and the experimenter are prevented from knowing who is in which
experimental (or control) group.
double-blind
Which of the following is the biggest limitation of correlational research?
It does not allow conclusions about cause and effect relationships.
To ensure that subjects know what they are getting into when they sign up for a study, researchers
must obtain:
informed consent.
If you want to compare a subject with him/herself under different conditions rather than comparing
him/her to control subjects, you might choose a(n) ___ design.
ABAB
If a research subject is given drugs designed to intensify her symptoms, she is participating in a ___ study
symptom exacerbation
For the first half of the twentieth century, the cause of schizophrenia was thought to be:
inappropriate parenting
When researchers wish to observe the same subjects on many occasions over a long period of time,
they use a(n) study.
longitudinal
A correlation coefficient is symbolized by the letter:
r
One example of research that would be considered unethical by today’s standards was Project MK-ULTRA, in which human participants were given repeated doses of:
LSD
A disorder’s ___ includes both existing and new cases, while a disorder’s ___ refers only to new cases
emerging during a period of time.
prevalence; incidence
Researchers would most likely use a(n) ___ research design in order to compare children who have a
history of child abuse with those who do not.
quasi-experimental
The ___ variable is what is manipulated in an experiment in order to determine if it has an effect on
another variable.
independent
An imitation treatment that looks or tastes like the real therapy but has none of its key ingredients is:
known as a placebo
The “Genain” sisters all developed ___ in their twenties, and became one of the most celebrated case
studies in abnormal psychology.
schizophrenia
Correlation studies of many pairs of twins have suggested a link between ___ factors and certain
psychological disorders.
genetic
Animal rights surveys suggest that people tend to approve of experiments that use:
rats and mice
Most informed consent forms for clinical research are written at a(n) ___ level.
advanced college
In ___ studies, patients are given an experimental drug to see if it reduces their symptoms.
new drug
Experimenters can determine __ significance, but only individuals and their clinicians can evaluate __
significance.
statistical; clinical
In a ___ design, research subjects are unaware as to whether they are assigned to the experimental
group or the control group.
blind
Which facet of experimental research is missing in a quasi-experimental design?
random assignment
a medication- study may be used to determine how and when patients can be taken off particular
medications.
withdrawal
__ percent of respondents polled said that they can “accept” animal research as long as it is
conducted for medical purposes.
75
If a study found that there was a perfect correlation between two variables, which of the following
numbers would describe that relationship?
1.00
When an unusual problem does not occur often enough to permit a large number of observations, it
might be studied using a(n):
case study
