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COSTA RICA > Exam 1 (Sachs and Coates Readings) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Sachs and Coates Readings) Flashcards

1
Q

What is GWP?

A

Gross World Product, around $90 trillion today

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2
Q

What is GDP?

A

Gross Domestic Product, total production within a country in a given period

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3
Q

What is per capita GDP?

A

GDP divided by population

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4
Q

What is GNP?

A

Gross Nation Product, an income based measurement of products in a country

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5
Q

What does BAU stand for?

A

Business as usual

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6
Q

What does LDC stand for?

A

Least Developed Countries

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7
Q

What is PPP?

A

Purchasing Power Parity, an adjustment applied to GDP that sets a common standard of international prices

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8
Q

What is HDI?

A

Human Development Index, weighted average of income, education, and health

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9
Q

What is ODA?

A

Official Development Assistance, believes it can be phased out around $1200 GDP per capita

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10
Q

What was the global population in 2015? Today?

A

7.2 to 8.2 billion

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11
Q

How many people live in abject poverty?

A

1 billion

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12
Q

How many people are categorized as living in extreme poverty?

A

between 1 and 2.5 billion

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13
Q

What is the current PPM of CO2 in the atmosphere?

A

400 parts per million

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14
Q

How many planetary boundaries are listed in Rockstrom’s chart?

A

10

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15
Q

How much greater is the annual world output today compared to the start of the Industrial Revolution?

A

100x larger, impacts the earth’s climate, water cycle, nitrogen cycle, and ocean chemistry

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16
Q

How many MDGs were there?

A

8

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17
Q

What is the GDP per capita of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama?

A

CR: 13,365 USD
N: 2,255 USD
P: 17,357 USD

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18
Q

What is Costa Rica’s HDI?

A

0.927

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19
Q

what is Costa Rica’s GDP in 1950? today? per capita income? IMR? literacy rate?

A

GDP (1950): $507,513,830
GDP (today): $86.5 billion
Per capita: $13,365
IMR: 6.7/1000
Literacy rate: 98.4%

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20
Q

What percent did the UN set as a goal of their national income to contribute to ODA?

A

1%

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21
Q

What was the estimated population of indigenous peoples during European conquest?

A

between 1 to 100 million

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22
Q

What percentage of Central American inhabitants live in the Pacific Coastal zone?

A

50%, likely more today

23
Q

How many cattle in 1950? in 1980?

A

1950: 4.2 million
1980: 9.5 million

24
Q

How many casualties were there estimated from the wars in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua?

A

Upwards of 250,000

25
Q

How many protected natural areas in the 1970s in central america? in 1997?

A

1970: 30
1997: 300+

26
Q

How many distinct indigenous populations in Central America? (at time book was written)

A

45

27
Q

How does sach’s define sustainable development?

A

A way of looking at the world with a focus on economic, social, and environmental change (analytic theory), and a way of describing shared aspirations for a decent life, combining economic development, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability (normative framework)

28
Q

What is meant by the term Anthropocene?

A

Name of our current epoch, defined by the fact that human activity is the main driver for the earth’s physical changes.

29
Q

What is another term for the beneficence of nature?

A

Environmental services

30
Q

How did the Brundtland report define sustainable development?

A

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (1987)

31
Q

What does Sachs mean by Social Inclusion?

A

sustainable development objectives including issues such as an end of extreme poverty, reduction in wealth gap, high degree of social mobility, absence of discrimination, trust, etc.

32
Q

What is Sach’s working definition of the normative objectives of sustainable development?

A

a good society is not only an economically prosperous society but also one that is socially inclusive, environmentally sustainable, and well governed

33
Q

What is constant international prices?

A

a common set of prices that can be used to adjust GDP to make it comparable across countries.

34
Q

What is the age of economic modern growth?

A

The period since 1750 that is characterized by rapid industrial growth and its resulting ervices

35
Q

What is meant by extreme poverty?

A

A multidimensional concept that includes a lake of adequate income, leading to an inability to meet basic human needs.

36
Q

What are hydro meterological disasters?

A

water and weather related disasters

37
Q

What is meant by public sector?

A

government

38
Q

What is meant by private sector?

A

business

39
Q

What does sachs mean by good governance?

A

both the public and private sector operates according to the rule of law with accountability, transparency, and responsiveness to the needs of stakeholders, and the active engagement of the public on critical issues

40
Q

What is the essence of sustainable development?

A

scientifically and morally based problem solving

41
Q

What does the gini coefficient measure?

A

wealth equality/inequality within a country

42
Q

What is the cantrill ladder?

A

a surveying strategy that asks people to place their lives on a ladder with 10 rungs, where the top rung is the best possible life and the bottom is the worst.

43
Q

what is affective happiness?

A

measurement of a person’s emotions

44
Q

what is evaluative happiness?

A

a measure of overall life satisfaction

45
Q

what is endogenous growth?

A

economic advancement that emerges from the internal workings of the economy

46
Q

How does the world bank define extreme poverty?

A

an income bellow a poverty live of $1.25 per day

47
Q

How does sachs define extreme poverty?

A

the inability of individuals to meet basic material needs

48
Q

What was India’s Green Revolution?

A

the breakthrough in agricultural development that originated in India when high yield seeds were introduced

49
Q

What is the evergreen revolution?

A

a suggested second “green revolution” that emphasizes increased crop efficiency, not only crop yield

50
Q

What characterized an agro exporting economy?

A

Economics oriented around one wealth generating monoculture, resulting in alternating cycles of booms and depressions

51
Q

What was the lost decade?

A

A period marked by economic depression, social dismemberment, and in some countries civil war, where large sections of the population experienced impoverishment

52
Q

What is a colonization frontier?

A

Where the displaced poor moved to colonize and cut down the forests of the atlantic coastal zone, caused by economic and ecological impacts

53
Q

What is mestizo?

A

a person of mixed european and indigenous ancestry

COSTA RICA (2 decks)

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