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Donny RAD SCI 2 > Exam 1 S2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 S2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is photoelectric effect?

A

when an x-ray photon strikes an inner shell electron

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2
Q

What happens in order in the photoelectric effect?

A
  1. electron absorbs ALL x-ray photons energy
  2. x-ray photon ceases to exist
  3. excess binding energy is given to the inner shell electron
  4. inner shell electrons speed up and exit atom
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3
Q

What happens to the electron in photoelectric effect?

A

electron absorbs all the x-ray photon’s energy (transmitted)

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4
Q

What happens to the x-ray photon after the interaction with the electron?

A

x-ray photon ceases to exist

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5
Q

Where does the inner shell electron go?

A

after this interaction it speeds up and leaves the atom

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99
Q

Clover:
In Compton scatter, the ____ _____ interacts with an ________ shell electron

A

x-ray photon
outer (loosely bound)

100
Q

Clover:
What happens to the outer shell election in compton scatter?

A

it gets knocked out and becomes a free electron

101
Q

Clover:
What is the name of the electron once Compton scatter takes place?

A

Compton electron

102
Q

Clover:
The remaining energy in the atom after ejecting the electron, turns into?

A

a Compton photon
(goes in all directions)

102
Q

Clover:
what is image contrast?

A

visible difference in brightness levels within x-ray

102
Q

Clover:
Compton scatter increases occupation does because of _____

A

scatter
(throughout the area)

103
Q

Clover:
Compton scatter increases _____ _____ because of _______

A

patient dose
ionization

104
Q

Clover:
How do air in the abdomen affect subject contrast?

A

increases subject contrast
(air shows up black)

104
Q

Clover:
Compton scatter decreases image ______

A

contrast

104
Q

Clover:
What does Kvp do to the image contrast?
Why is this?

A

high kVp decreases contrast
due to scatter
(more kVp= more scatter= less contrast)

105
Q

Clover:
what would have low subject contrast?

A

abdomen
(all greys, same radiation)

105
Q

Clover:
what is subject contrast?

A

how different tissues absorb radiation
(ex chest: lung vs clavicle)

106
Q

Clover:
What x-ray would have high subject contrast?

A

chest x-ray
(some black, white, & greys)

107
Q

Clover:
What outside factors could create additional subject contrast?

A

iodine
barium
air

107
Q

Clover:
What does pneumothorax do to subject contrast?

A

increases subject contrast
(air shows up black)

108
Q

Clover:
How does ascites affect subject contrast?

A

decreased contrast
(adds more greys to the x-ray)

108
Q

Clover:
What does pneumonia do to subject contrast?

A

decreases subject contrast
(more greys)

109
Q

Clover:
what does an air-filled bowel obstruction do to subject contrast?

A

increases subject contrast
(more black)

109
Q

Clover:
For a obese patient what happens to subject contrast?

A

it decreases
(begins to show up as the same)

109
Q

Clover:
What does COPD do to subject contrast?
why?

A

increases subject contrast
(more air = more black in x-ray)

109
Q

Clover:
What can magnification in image quality lead to in diagnostic x-ray?

A

improper diagnoses
(heart magnified)

110
Q

Clover:
if you increase SID you ______ magnification

A

decrease

110
Q

Clover:
What factors affect image magnification?

A

SID (source to image distance)
OID (object to image distance))
SOD (source to image distance)

110
Q

Clover:
What does spatial resolution refer to?

A

sharpness in the x-ray

110
Q

Clover:
If you decrease SID you _______ magnification

A

increase

110
Q

Clover:

A
110
Q

Clover:

A
111
Q

Clover:
If OID decrease, magnification ______

A

decreases

111
Q

Clover:
If OID increases, magnification ______

A

increases

111
Q

Clover:
If SOD increases, magnification _____

A

decreases

111
Q

Clover:
What is the most important outcome when calculating the magnification factor (MF)?

A

finding the actual size of the anatomy

111
Q

Clover:
How do we calculate the magnification factor?

A

image size / object size
or
SID/SOD

112
Q

Clover:
How do we find the object size?

A

image size / magnification factor

112
Q

Clover:
spatial resolution is not the same as:

A

contrast
brightness
distortion
receptor exposure

113
Q

Clover:
What is a big factor that affects spatial resolution?

A

patient motion

113
Q

Clover:
high spatial resolution, can be referred to as: (3)

A

high detail
high sharpness
low blur

113
Q

Clover:

A
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117
Q

Clover:

A

Donny RAD SCI 2 (4 decks)

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