Exam 1 - Route 66 Factoids Flashcards
Thomas Jefferson penned the Declaration of Independence in 1776 using the ideas of ____ _____, most notably his concept of natural rights (inalienable rights).
John Locke
The Declaration of Independence was a call for a revolution, NOT…
The Constitution was a framework for a new government, NOT…
a framework for a new government.
a revolution.
Using many of the ideas of Montesquieu, _____ _______ was the brains behind the US Constitution in 1787.
James Madison
President John Adams (1797-1801) publicly indicated that the Constitution was designed for…
a governing elite.
Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) was the ancestral founder of today’s __________ _____. He was a strong believer in…
Democratic Party
States’ Rights
Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) believed in democracy and power to the people, but more in theory than in practice. Practical democracy would have to wait for the coming of ______ _______ in 1828.
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) believed in democracy and power to the people, in practice. In many ways, he was a true president of the people and the common man.
He also didn’t give a fuck about Africans or Native Americans.
It was Andrew Jackson who helped shift power away from _________ _______ and state legislatures toward the ______.
political parties
state legislatures
people
Nominating conventions can be traced back to ______ _______.
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson persuaded the states to choose their presidential electors through a popular vote. The popular vote to hold during the _____. The _________ _______ is still ultimately the decider of a presidential election, but the popular vote does influence it.
1820s
Electoral College
Patrick henry was a firm believer in State’s Rights. He famously said,
“Give me liberty, or give me death.”
Patrick Henry opposed the ratification of the Constitution, stating that he smelled a “rat.” What is that “rat”?
The “rat” being a strong central government (Henry was a States’ Rights man).
Daniel Shays (former Rev War captain) led Shay’s Rebellion. What did this lead to?
The calling for the Constitutional Convention.
_____ _________ (1786) convinced many political leaders (especially Alexander Hamilton) that the national government was too weak.
Shay’s Rebellion
_________ ________ used Shay’s Rebellion to scare the 13 states into going to Philadelphia and ultimately drawing up a new constitution.
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton didn’t trust the people, referring to them as “The Swinish Multitude”. The goal of the convention was to protect ________, and to protect the country from the ______, like Daniel Shays.
property
people
Alexander Hamilton was the ancestral founder of today’s __________ _____. Unlike Jefferson, Hamilton did not trust the common man (farmers and the working class).
Republican Party
Alexander was a strong believer in a powerful central government, favoring: ________, _______, and the rick and well-born.
industry, banking
James Madison has often been considered America’s greatest political theorist, as evidenced by his work on the __________ ______, the ____ of ______, and the ____________.
Federalist Papers
Bill of Rights
Constitution
The Theory of Nullification (1832) was ____ _ _______’s contribution to political theory. He was considered to be one of America’s great political theorists.
John C. Calhoun
The ______ __ _____________, along with secession and strong states rights ultimately led to the Civil War thirty years later (1861-1865).
Theory of Nullification
James Madison was involved in all of the debates, and was the convention’s prime mover and theorist. He is considered the “Father of the __ ____________” and “____ of ______.”
Father of the US Constitution
Bill of Rights (civil liberties)
Using the ideas of ___________, Madison wrote into the Constitution the principle of “separation of powers”, and the system of “checks and balances”.
Montesquieu
James Madison’s Federalist No. 10 argues that government is most dangerous when a single group is powerful enough to…
gain full political control.
According to Madison, a large ________ is less likely to have an omnipotent faction.
republic
John Marshall is considered America’s greatest jurist. He was Chief Justice from ____-____. He believed in a powerful central government.
1801-1835
John Marshall presided over Marbury v. Madison (____) and _________ v. ________ (1831).
1803
McCulloch v. Maryland
Marbury v. Madison (1803) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1831) gave us the Principle of Judicial Review (1803) and the ________ of _______ _______ _____ (1831).
Doctrine of Implied Federal Power
There were only two Chief Justices between 1801 and 1864: John Marshall (1801-35) and _____ _____ (1836-64).
Roger Taney
(That is the price you pay for lifetime appointments.) - J. Reilly
Roger Taney presided over the Dred Scott Decision (1857), which led to the legalizing of slavery everywhere in the United States. This further led to the controversial 1860 election and, ultimately, the _____ ___.
Civil War.
The Dred Scott Decision favored States’ Rights and the institution of slavery. It was eventually reversed by the __ _________.
14th Amendment
“When people find themselves in groups of like-minded people, they are especially likely to move to extremes.”
Cass Sunstein
C. Wright Mills was a proponent of the Theory of _______.
Elitism
_______ ____ believed that most democracies operate as pluralistic systems as opposed to majoritarian systems.
Robert Dahl
The US constitutes a nation that was “Born Free.”
Louis Hartz
____ ______ ____ believed that any form of government should be judged on its ability to “promote the individual as a progressive.”
John Stuart Mill
The public as a whole takes an interest in only a few of the ________ of policy decisions dealt with by the government each year.
hundreds
Public education today is mostly the responsibility of state and local governments, accounting for __% of funding.
90
______ __________ refers to the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local governments.
Fiscal Federalism
Viewed in historical terms, __________ has been a contentious and dynamic system that has adapted to the needs of the time.
federalism
The 10th Amendment gives power to the ______. Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1-18 of the Constitution gives power to the _______ __________.
states
federal government
The ___________ ___ brought about a social and political revolution: primaries, referendum, recall, female vote, popular election of US Senators, income tax, prohibition, conservation, consumer protection.
Progressive Era (1901-1920)
The proper chronology leading up to the American Revolution would be:
\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (1770) \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ (1773) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (1774) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (1775) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (1776)
Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Continental Congress Lexington & Concord Declaration of Independence
Lochner v. New York (1905) decided that…
state regulation of labor practices violated firm’s property rights.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) afforded…
free legal counsel to the accused in non-capital cases, if the accused is too poor to hire a layer.
The Framers in 1787 entrusted the selection of US Senators to state legislatures, according to the US Constitution.
Later, the __ __________ allowed the people to elect US Senators.
17th Amendment (1913)
Pluralism contends that it is the preference of the special interests that mostly determines…
what government does.
Sovereignty refers to…
supreme and final authority.
The Great Compromise (1787)…
set up a bicameral legislature. Congress was comprised of two houses: The Senate & House of Representatives.
__________ ______ are listed in Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1-18 of the Constitution. Education and the Federal Reserve are not listed.
Enumerated powers
From ____ to ____, the most significant issue of federalism was whether the states would accept the lawful authority of the national government.
1789 to 1865
The Elastic Clause is… I.e. The government can stretch its powers by implying that certain powers, though not listed (enumerated), are “necessary and proper” for the well-being of the country.
Article I, Section 8, Clause 18.
In practice, the most significant restraint imposed by Congress on a president is its power to ____ ____ and __________ _____, thus determining the programs that the president can implement.
make laws
appropriate money
The first national government of the US was a Confederation (____-____), known as the Articles of Confederation.
1781-1789
The second national government of the US was a Republic, based on the ____________ (1789-present).
Constitution
Congress’s enactment of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) in 2009 - Obama’s response to the economic crash of 2008 - was a supreme example of _______________ in action.
majoritarianism
Devolution is known as…
the attempt to “pass down” authority from the national level to the state and local levels in selected areas.
