Exam 1 revised shit Flashcards by Kayla Dooley

How long is the ovum period?

conception to 14 days

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How long is the embryo period?

day 15 to 8 weeks
(organs forming, greatest vulnerability)

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How long is the fetus period?

8 weeks to birth

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What happens at 3 weeks gestation?

heart starts beating & blood circulates

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What happens at 4 weeks gestation?

(2 to 4 CHAMBER (4 weeks)
2 chamber forms a 4 chamber heart
respiratory system begins

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What happens at 5 weeks gestation?

umbilical chord developed

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What happens at 8 weeks gestation?

gender distinguishable

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What happens at 12 weeks gestation?

organ complete, placenta complete, thumb sucking, fetus urinates in amniotic fluid (11 weeks)

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What happens at 16 weeks gestation?

meconium in bowel

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What happens at 20 weeks gestation?

quickening, lanugo covers body

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What happens at 24 weeks gestation?

vernix caseosa is thick, lecithin present

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What happens at 32 weeks?

L/S ratio = 1.2:1

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What happens at 36 weeks?

lanugo disappearing, L/S ratio >2:1

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When do lungs fully develop?

34 weeks

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What is lightening?

Between weeks 38-40, fundal height decreases into the pelvis as the fetus begins to descend into the pelvis in preparation of birth. (This is when the baby settles or drops lower into the pelvis)

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What is quickening?

First recognition of fetal movements, or “feeling life”. Commonly described as a flutter and is difficult to distinguish from peristalsis. Fetal movements gradually increase and frequency as pregnancy progresses. 18-20 weeks gestation (nulliparous) or 14-16 weeks (multiparous)

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What is Hegar sign?

At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening, thinning, and compressibility of the lower uterine segment (uterine isthmus) occurs. (probable sign of pregnancy)

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What is Goodell sign?

(Probable sign) Softening of the cervical tip in a normal unscarred cervix (around 6th week) Due to increased vascularity, slight hypertrophy, and hyperplasia (increase in number of cells).

What is Chadwick sign?

Increased vascularity results in a violet-bluish color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix (6-8 weeks

What is alpha-fetoprotein?

maternal serum screening tool for Down’s sydrome in pregnancy. Very reliable in detecting NTDs.
-performed b/t 15-20 weeks
-elevated levels are associated with open neural tube and abdominal wall defects
-USE for elevated levels to rule out fetal abnormalities or multiple gestation.
Types of NTD=Spina Bifida and anencephaly

What are maternal effects from toxoplasms?

§ Influenza- like aching

§ Lymphadenopathy

§ Spontaneous abortio

What are fetal effects from toxoplasms?

§ Congenital toxoplasmosis, LBW, hepatosplenomegaly c, jaundice and anemia

What are maternal effects from AIDS?

breastfeeding contraindicated postpartum

What are fetal effects from AIDS?

the newborn is given an ELISA test for presence of HIV antibodies. If positive but asymptomatic at birth, s/s usually become evident during 1st year of life. FTT, liver and spleen involvement,bacterial

GBS fetal effects?

Sepsis, pneumonia or meningitis within 7 days of birth. Meningitis is the most common clinical symptom. Early (1st week of life, or late onset). May have permanent neurologic deficits

What are maternal effects from Rubella?

§ Rash, fever, malaise § Spontaneous ab during 1st trimester or pregnancy

What are fetal effects from Rubella?

§ Deafness, MR, IUGR, cardiac defects and microcephaly

What are maternal effects of cytomeglavirus?

Flu-like symptoms; cervical discharge

What are fetal effects of cytomeglavirus?

Fetal or neonatal death; severe generalized disease c hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hydrocephaly or microcephaly

What are maternal effects of hep b?

Fever, rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain, liver enlarged and tender

What are fetal effects from hep b?

§ Prematurity; LBW § Development of acute infection at birth and perhaps neonatal death

What are some interventions for morning sickness?

dry toast or crackers before arising. small, frequent meals and avoid long periods without food. Avoid greasy/fried foods. Peppermint tea or eat peppermint candies. Unisom ½ tab & Vitamin B6 25mg . Avoid strong odors

What are some interventions for pyrosis (heartburn)?

-gum, mint, hard candy. Remain in sitting position after eating. Avoid fatty, fried foods, spicy foods and overeating. Walk after eating. Only drink b/t meals. Choose proteins from the lower fat list. Antacid? Tums w/ calcium, maalox(can become habit).

What are interventions for supine hypotensive syndrome?

avoid sleeping on back.

What are interventions for varicosities?

support stockings, belly belt. It can be seen on legs and labi

What are interventions for backaches?

pelvic tilt exercise to strengthen lower back and prevent LBP.

How do you measure fundal height during 2nd and 3rd trimesters? (18-30 weeks)

fetal age in weeks + or - 2 centimeters

What is the fundal height at 16 weeks?

halfway between symphisis pubis and umbilicus

What is the fundal height at 20-22 weeks?

at umbilicus

How is ballotement test done?

Examiner taps cervix gently and palpates fetal rebound in the amniotic fluid. Usually present about 16 weeks gestation

What is the risk with gonorrhea

risk of corneal scarring of infant during vaginal birth

What does chlamydia commonly cause?

opthalmia neonatorum

What is an absolute for preeclampsia?

Systolic elevated 30 mmHg over baseline and Diastolic elevated 15 mmHg over baseline, 140/90

What does breathing pattern of hyperventilation result in?

respiratory alkaliosis, blowing off CO2