Exam 1 revised shit Flashcards
How long is the ovum period?
conception to 14 days
How long is the embryo period?
day 15 to 8 weeks
(organs forming, greatest vulnerability)
How long is the fetus period?
8 weeks to birth
What happens at 3 weeks gestation?
heart starts beating & blood circulates
What happens at 4 weeks gestation?
(2 to 4 CHAMBER (4 weeks)
2 chamber forms a 4 chamber heart
respiratory system begins
What happens at 5 weeks gestation?
umbilical chord developed
What happens at 8 weeks gestation?
gender distinguishable
What happens at 12 weeks gestation?
organ complete, placenta complete, thumb sucking, fetus urinates in amniotic fluid (11 weeks)
What happens at 16 weeks gestation?
meconium in bowel
What happens at 20 weeks gestation?
quickening, lanugo covers body
What happens at 24 weeks gestation?
vernix caseosa is thick, lecithin present
What happens at 32 weeks?
L/S ratio = 1.2:1
What happens at 36 weeks?
lanugo disappearing, L/S ratio >2:1
When do lungs fully develop?
34 weeks
What is lightening?
Between weeks 38-40, fundal height decreases into the pelvis as the fetus begins to descend into the pelvis in preparation of birth. (This is when the baby settles or drops lower into the pelvis)
What is quickening?
First recognition of fetal movements, or “feeling life”. Commonly described as a flutter and is difficult to distinguish from peristalsis. Fetal movements gradually increase and frequency as pregnancy progresses. 18-20 weeks gestation (nulliparous) or 14-16 weeks (multiparous)
What is Hegar sign?
At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening, thinning, and compressibility of the lower uterine segment (uterine isthmus) occurs. (probable sign of pregnancy)
What is Goodell sign?
(Probable sign) Softening of the cervical tip in a normal unscarred cervix (around 6th week) Due to increased vascularity, slight hypertrophy, and hyperplasia (increase in number of cells).
What is Chadwick sign?
Increased vascularity results in a violet-bluish color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix (6-8 weeks
What is alpha-fetoprotein?
maternal serum screening tool for Down’s sydrome in pregnancy. Very reliable in detecting NTDs.
-performed b/t 15-20 weeks
-elevated levels are associated with open neural tube and abdominal wall defects
-USE for elevated levels to rule out fetal abnormalities or multiple gestation.
Types of NTD=Spina Bifida and anencephaly
What are maternal effects from toxoplasms?
§ Influenza- like aching
§ Lymphadenopathy
§ Spontaneous abortio
What are fetal effects from toxoplasms?
§ Congenital toxoplasmosis, LBW, hepatosplenomegaly c, jaundice and anemia
What are maternal effects from AIDS?
breastfeeding contraindicated postpartum
What are fetal effects from AIDS?
the newborn is given an ELISA test for presence of HIV antibodies. If positive but asymptomatic at birth, s/s usually become evident during 1st year of life. FTT, liver and spleen involvement,bacterial
GBS fetal effects?
Sepsis, pneumonia or meningitis within 7 days of birth. Meningitis is the most common clinical symptom. Early (1st week of life, or late onset). May have permanent neurologic deficits
What are maternal effects from Rubella?
§ Rash, fever, malaise
§ Spontaneous ab during 1st trimester or pregnancy
What are fetal effects from Rubella?
§ Deafness, MR, IUGR, cardiac defects and microcephaly
What are maternal effects of cytomeglavirus?
Flu-like symptoms; cervical discharge
What are fetal effects of cytomeglavirus?
Fetal or neonatal death; severe generalized disease c hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hydrocephaly or microcephaly
What are maternal effects of hep b?
Fever, rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain, liver enlarged and tender
What are fetal effects from hep b?
§ Prematurity; LBW
§ Development of acute infection at birth and perhaps neonatal death
What are some interventions for morning sickness?
dry toast or crackers before arising. small, frequent meals and avoid long periods without food. Avoid greasy/fried foods. Peppermint tea or eat peppermint candies. Unisom ½ tab & Vitamin B6 25mg . Avoid strong odors
What are some interventions for pyrosis (heartburn)?
-gum, mint, hard candy. Remain in sitting position after eating. Avoid fatty, fried foods, spicy foods and overeating. Walk after eating. Only drink b/t meals. Choose proteins from the lower fat list. Antacid? Tums w/ calcium, maalox(can become habit).
What are interventions for supine hypotensive syndrome?
avoid sleeping on back.
What are interventions for varicosities?
support stockings, belly belt. It can be seen on legs and labi
What are interventions for backaches?
pelvic tilt exercise to strengthen lower back and prevent LBP.
How do you measure fundal height during 2nd and 3rd trimesters? (18-30 weeks)
fetal age in weeks + or - 2 centimeters
What is the fundal height at 16 weeks?
halfway between symphisis pubis and umbilicus
What is the fundal height at 20-22 weeks?
at umbilicus
How is ballotement test done?
Examiner taps cervix gently and palpates fetal rebound in the amniotic fluid. Usually present about 16 weeks gestation
What is the risk with gonorrhea
risk of corneal scarring of infant during vaginal birth
What does chlamydia commonly cause?
opthalmia neonatorum
What is an absolute for preeclampsia?
Systolic elevated 30 mmHg over baseline and
Diastolic elevated 15 mmHg over baseline, 140/90
What does breathing pattern of hyperventilation result in?
respiratory alkaliosis, blowing off CO2
