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Anatomy & Physiology > Exam 1 Review Qs > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Qs Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy is the science of ________ and their relationships with other ________.

A

structures

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2
Q

Physiology is the science of the _______ of structures.

A

function

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3
Q

The circular design of wheels and tires is their _______ and the result of its design dictates its _______ (function).

A

anatomy; physiology

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4
Q

Atoms combine to form _______.

A

molecules

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5
Q

Molecules combine to form larger ________.

A

macromolecules

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6
Q

Macromolecules combine to form ________.

A

organelles

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7
Q

Molecules and organelles assemble in such a way to form ________.

A

cells

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8
Q

The control center of the cell is the ________.

A

nucleus

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9
Q

The heart has an abundance of ________ to give it energy to contract.

A

mitochondria

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10
Q

A group of cells that develop from the same part of an embryo and perform the same function are known as _______.

A

tissues

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11
Q

This type of tissue covers body areas and forms glands and ducts.

A

epithelial tissue

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12
Q

This type of tissue is made of cells that are close together with only a little matrix.

A

epithelial tissue

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13
Q

Epithelial tissues can be grouped by ______ and ________.

A

shape and number of layers

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14
Q

This type of tissue connects various areas together in some manner.

A

connective tissue

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15
Q

This type of tissue is made of cells that are scattered apart and have abundant matrix between them.

A

connective tissue

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16
Q

This tissue has the ability to contract, stretch, and recoil.

A

muscular tissue

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle controls ____ _______.

A

body motion

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18
Q

Smooth muscle is ________ shaped.

A

spindle

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19
Q

Smooth muscle can be found in the walls of ______ ______.

A

hollow organs

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20
Q

Cardiac muscle is found in the…

A

walls of the heart

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21
Q

This type of tissue can generate, send, and receive electrical impulses.

A

nervous tissue

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22
Q

Where is connective tissue located if the matrix is soft?

A

cartilage

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23
Q

Where is connective tissue located if the matrix is hard?

A

bone

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24
Q

Where is connective tissue located if the matrix is a liquid?

A

blood

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25
Q

Where is connective tissue located if the matrix is gel-like?

A

fat

26
Q

Squamous epithelial tissue is…

A

flat, thin; scale-like

27
Q

Cuboidal epithelial tissue is…

A

cube shaped

28
Q

Columnar epithelial tissue is…

A

rectangular

29
Q

The shape of transitional epithelial tissue _______.

A

varies

30
Q

How many cell layers are there is epithelial tissue is considered simple.

A

1 layer

31
Q

How many cell layers are there if epithelial tissue is considered striated/stratified?

A

multiple layers

32
Q

How many cell layers are there if epithelial tissue is considered pseudo stratified?

A

1 layer that appears to be multi-layered due to different cell heights

33
Q

A structure made of 2 or more different types of tissues arranged to performa specific function is an ________.

A

organ

34
Q

Different organs arranged to perform a complex body function make up a ________.

A

system

35
Q

What is the phenomenon of maintaining constancy with no wild variations from normal?

A

homeostasis

36
Q

All matter is made up of _____.

A

atoms

37
Q

Groups of the same atoms are _______.

A

elements

38
Q

What unique 2 characteristics do elements have?

A

symbol and atomic number

39
Q

What are elements called if their outermost shell is filled to its max?

A

noble gases

40
Q

Specific interactions between atoms that result in larger molecules by filling the out shell to its max.

A

chemical bonds

41
Q

The transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

A

ionic bond

42
Q

The sharing of an electron pair between two or more atoms.

A

covalent bond

43
Q

Unequal sharing of an electron pair.

A

polar covalent bond

44
Q

The electron pair spends equal amount of time between each atoms nucleus.

A

non-polar covalent bond

45
Q

Ionic bonds form ____.

A

ions

46
Q

The weak adherence/attraction between the positive zone of one atom to the negative zone of another is known as a _______ bond.

A

hydrogen

47
Q

What type of covalent bond results in hydrogen bonds?

A

polar covalent bond

48
Q

Polar molecules adhere so that a barrier is formed.

A

surface tension

49
Q

When polar molecules creep of the side of a glass.

A

capillary action

50
Q

What happens of hydrogen bonds are broken?

A

protein shape is destroyed

51
Q

Hydrogen bond formation results in…. (4 things)

A
  1. ) surface tension
  2. ) capillary action
  3. ) folding of large polar molecules
  4. ) formation of water crystals
52
Q

What are the 6 levels of organization?

A
  1. ) chemical level
  2. ) cellular level
  3. ) tissue level
  4. ) organ level
  5. ) system level
  6. ) the organismal level
53
Q

The chemical level of organization consists of…

A

atoms that combine to make molecules; molecules that combine to make macromolecules; macromolecules that combine to form organelles

54
Q

The cellular level of organization consists of…

A

molecules and organelles that combine to form cells

55
Q

The tissue level of organization consists of…

A

cells that combine to form tissues

56
Q

The organ level of organization consists of…

A

2 or more different tissues combining to form different organs

57
Q

The system level of organization consists of…

A

different organs that work together to perform a specific function

58
Q

The organismal level of organization consists of…

A

all the different systems in the body coming together to make up an entire organism

59
Q

Carbon-based chemistry is called ________ _________.

A

organic chemistry

60
Q

What are the types of organic molecules?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

61
Q

What ratio do carbohydrates have of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

A

1:2:1

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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