Exam 1 Review Qs Flashcards
Anatomy is the science of ________ and their relationships with other ________.
structures
Physiology is the science of the _______ of structures.
function
The circular design of wheels and tires is their _______ and the result of its design dictates its _______ (function).
anatomy; physiology
Atoms combine to form _______.
molecules
Molecules combine to form larger ________.
macromolecules
Macromolecules combine to form ________.
organelles
Molecules and organelles assemble in such a way to form ________.
cells
The control center of the cell is the ________.
nucleus
The heart has an abundance of ________ to give it energy to contract.
mitochondria
A group of cells that develop from the same part of an embryo and perform the same function are known as _______.
tissues
This type of tissue covers body areas and forms glands and ducts.
epithelial tissue
This type of tissue is made of cells that are close together with only a little matrix.
epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissues can be grouped by ______ and ________.
shape and number of layers
This type of tissue connects various areas together in some manner.
connective tissue
This type of tissue is made of cells that are scattered apart and have abundant matrix between them.
connective tissue
This tissue has the ability to contract, stretch, and recoil.
muscular tissue
Skeletal muscle controls ____ _______.
body motion
Smooth muscle is ________ shaped.
spindle
Smooth muscle can be found in the walls of ______ ______.
hollow organs
Cardiac muscle is found in the…
walls of the heart
This type of tissue can generate, send, and receive electrical impulses.
nervous tissue
Where is connective tissue located if the matrix is soft?
cartilage
Where is connective tissue located if the matrix is hard?
bone
Where is connective tissue located if the matrix is a liquid?
blood
Where is connective tissue located if the matrix is gel-like?
fat
Squamous epithelial tissue is…
flat, thin; scale-like
Cuboidal epithelial tissue is…
cube shaped
Columnar epithelial tissue is…
rectangular
The shape of transitional epithelial tissue _______.
varies
How many cell layers are there is epithelial tissue is considered simple.
1 layer
How many cell layers are there if epithelial tissue is considered striated/stratified?
multiple layers
How many cell layers are there if epithelial tissue is considered pseudo stratified?
1 layer that appears to be multi-layered due to different cell heights
A structure made of 2 or more different types of tissues arranged to performa specific function is an ________.
organ
Different organs arranged to perform a complex body function make up a ________.
system
What is the phenomenon of maintaining constancy with no wild variations from normal?
homeostasis
All matter is made up of _____.
atoms
Groups of the same atoms are _______.
elements
What unique 2 characteristics do elements have?
symbol and atomic number
What are elements called if their outermost shell is filled to its max?
noble gases
Specific interactions between atoms that result in larger molecules by filling the out shell to its max.
chemical bonds
The transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
ionic bond
The sharing of an electron pair between two or more atoms.
covalent bond
Unequal sharing of an electron pair.
polar covalent bond
The electron pair spends equal amount of time between each atoms nucleus.
non-polar covalent bond
Ionic bonds form ____.
ions
The weak adherence/attraction between the positive zone of one atom to the negative zone of another is known as a _______ bond.
hydrogen
What type of covalent bond results in hydrogen bonds?
polar covalent bond
Polar molecules adhere so that a barrier is formed.
surface tension
When polar molecules creep of the side of a glass.
capillary action
What happens of hydrogen bonds are broken?
protein shape is destroyed
Hydrogen bond formation results in…. (4 things)
- ) surface tension
- ) capillary action
- ) folding of large polar molecules
- ) formation of water crystals
What are the 6 levels of organization?
- ) chemical level
- ) cellular level
- ) tissue level
- ) organ level
- ) system level
- ) the organismal level
The chemical level of organization consists of…
atoms that combine to make molecules; molecules that combine to make macromolecules; macromolecules that combine to form organelles
The cellular level of organization consists of…
molecules and organelles that combine to form cells
The tissue level of organization consists of…
cells that combine to form tissues
The organ level of organization consists of…
2 or more different tissues combining to form different organs
The system level of organization consists of…
different organs that work together to perform a specific function
The organismal level of organization consists of…
all the different systems in the body coming together to make up an entire organism
Carbon-based chemistry is called ________ _________.
organic chemistry
What are the types of organic molecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What ratio do carbohydrates have of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
1:2:1
