Exam 1 Review - Lecture Portion Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the C1 nerve pass through

A

lateral vertebral foramen on C1

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2
Q

what passes through the transverse foramen on C2-C6

A

arteries and veins

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3
Q

starts as cartilage when young and then closes/calcifies. Also called the physis or growth plate

A

epiphyseal plate

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4
Q

beside the growth plate, funnel shaped. there are ones on the proximal and distal end of bone

A

metaphysis

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5
Q

between the growth plate, the shaft of the bone

A

diaphysis

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6
Q

which cervical-vertebrae has the tallest spinous process

A

C7

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7
Q

which vertebrae has the biggest transverse process

A

C6

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8
Q

What is special about C7

A

C7 does not have a transverse foramen

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9
Q

Joint in which bones are united by dense connective tissue, and example

A

fibrous joint, sutures of skull

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10
Q

joint in which bones are united by cartilage, and example

A

cartlaginous joint, intervertebral discs, between skull and hyoid apparatus

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11
Q

joint which has a fluid filled cavity that envelops the union of bones

A

synovial joint

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12
Q

3 examples of synovial joints

A

saddle, pivot, and hinge joints

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13
Q

what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?

A

pivotal

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14
Q

which joint allows for the “no” motion

A

atlanto-axial joint

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15
Q

How many vertebrae for most mammals have? C, T, L, S

A

C7, T13, L7, S3

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16
Q

Cats have a ________ foramen, not a supratrochlear foramen

A

supracondylar foramen

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17
Q

what passes through the supracondylar foramen in cats

A

brachial artery and median nerve

18
Q

Do cats have a nuchal ligament?

19
Q

How is the coracoid process in cats different than the ones in dogs?

A

it is more pronounced

20
Q

T/F cats have clavicles visible on radiographs

21
Q

A dog has presented to you that can extend its elbow joint and bear weight, however, only on the dorsal aspect of its manus. When you test the dorsal manus for sensation, the dog clearly has feeling in its skin. What specific nerve damage might explain this presentation?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve on surface of brachialis muscle

22
Q

What nerve innervates cutaneous trunci?

A

lateral thoracic

23
Q

what reflex is cutaneous trunci responsible for?

A

panniculus reflex

24
Q

Upon loss of ulnar nerve, what muscles can compensate?

A

median nerve flexors: SDF, DDF (humeral and radial head), flexor carpi radialis

25
Can the shoulder still flex if the axillary nerve is damaged?
Yes Axillary nerve innvervates the teres major, minor, and deltoid Lat dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve) and long head of tricep (radial nerve) will compensate
26
Which muscle of the shoulder is "redundant"? How so?
Infraspinatous (suprascapular nerve) is redundant, it both flexes and extends the shoulder
27
What happens if you lose function of the radial nerve? Can any muscles compensate for the extension of the elbow?
No muscles can compensate for extension of the elbow
28
What structures go through the supracondylar foramen in the cat? What muscles are affected by the nerve?
median nerve runs through: superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres
29
What can occur following damage to the supracondylar foramen in the cat?
Supracondylar damage→ median nerve → flexors of carpus damaged
30
what is the technical term or declawing a cat? What does it involve?
onychectomy; Remove distal phalange, ensuring you remove the root of deep digital flexor
31
What is the significance of declawing a cat?
They lose insertions of deep digital flexor, digital flexors and extensors
32
Median nerve doesn't have cutaneous zone, but it does have a ___ zone
sensory
33
Action of the infraspinatous muscles
both flexion and extension, but mainly extension
34
The greater tubercle is on the ___ and ___ sides of the humerus
proximal, lateral
35
Where does the subscapular nerve originate?
C5 and C6
36
Insertion and action of subscapularis
Insertion: lesser tubercle Action: extends shoulder
37
Which flexor(s) does the radial nerve innervate?
ulnaris lateralis
38
Which muscles are innervated by cranial nerve 11 (Accessory nerve)?
Brachiocephalicus Omotransversarius Sternocephalicus Trapezius
39
What innervates the epaxial muscles?
dorsal branches of the spinal nerves
40
Innervation of longus coli, longus capitus, and splenius
ventral branches of the spinal nerves
41
How does the thoracic region of the spinal column prevent herniation?
Intercapital ligament sits on top of the discs
42
Describe the blood flow path to the manus of the cat
Axillary → Brachial → Radial → Manus