Exam 1 Review - Lecture Portion

Question 1

Where does the C1 nerve pass through

Answer 1

lateral vertebral foramen on C1

Question 2

what passes through the transverse foramen on C2-C6

Answer 2

arteries and veins

Question 3

starts as cartilage when young and then closes/calcifies. Also called the physis or growth plate

Answer 3

epiphyseal plate

Question 4

beside the growth plate, funnel shaped. there are ones on the proximal and distal end of bone

Answer 4

metaphysis

Question 5

between the growth plate, the shaft of the bone

Answer 5

diaphysis

Question 6

which cervical-vertebrae has the tallest spinous process

Answer 6

C7

Question 7

which vertebrae has the biggest transverse process

Answer 7

C6

Question 8

What is special about C7

Answer 8

C7 does not have a transverse foramen

Question 9

Joint in which bones are united by dense connective tissue, and example

Answer 9

fibrous joint, sutures of skull

Question 10

joint in which bones are united by cartilage, and example

Answer 10

cartlaginous joint, intervertebral discs, between skull and hyoid apparatus

Question 11

joint which has a fluid filled cavity that envelops the union of bones

Answer 11

synovial joint

Question 12

3 examples of synovial joints

Answer 12

saddle, pivot, and hinge joints

Question 13

what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?

Answer 13

pivotal

Question 14

which joint allows for the “no” motion

Answer 14

atlanto-axial joint

Question 15

How many vertebrae for most mammals have? C, T, L, S

Answer 15

C7, T13, L7, S3

Question 16

Cats have a ________ foramen, not a supratrochlear foramen

Answer 16

supracondylar foramen

Question 17

what passes through the supracondylar foramen in cats

Answer 17

brachial artery and median nerve

Question 18

Do cats have a nuchal ligament?

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

How is the coracoid process in cats different than the ones in dogs?

Answer 19

it is more pronounced

Question 20

T/F cats have clavicles visible on radiographs

Answer 20

True

Question 21

A dog has presented to you that can extend its elbow joint and bear weight, however, only on the dorsal aspect of its manus. When you test the dorsal manus for sensation, the dog clearly has feeling in its skin. What specific nerve damage might explain this presentation?

Answer 21

Deep branch of radial nerve on surface of brachialis muscle

Question 22

What nerve innervates cutaneous trunci?

Answer 22

lateral thoracic

Question 23

what reflex is cutaneous trunci responsible for?

Answer 23

panniculus reflex

Question 24

Upon loss of ulnar nerve, what muscles can compensate?

Answer 24

median nerve flexors: SDF, DDF (humeral and radial head), flexor carpi radialis

Question 25

Can the shoulder still flex if the axillary nerve is damaged?

Answer 25

Yes
Axillary nerve innvervates the teres major, minor, and deltoid
Lat dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve) and long head of tricep (radial nerve) will compensate

Question 26

Which muscle of the shoulder is “redundant”? How so?

Answer 26

Infraspinatous (suprascapular nerve) is redundant, it both flexes and extends the shoulder

Question 27

What happens if you lose function of the radial nerve? Can any muscles compensate for the extension of the elbow?

Answer 27

No muscles can compensate for extension of the elbow

Question 28

What structures go through the supracondylar foramen in the cat? What muscles are affected by the nerve?

Answer 28

median nerve runs through: superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres

Question 29

What can occur following damage to the supracondylar foramen in the cat?

Answer 29

Supracondylar damage→ median nerve → flexors of carpus damaged

Question 30

what is the technical term or declawing a cat? What does it involve?

Answer 30

onychectomy; Remove distal phalange, ensuring you remove the root of deep digital flexor

Question 31

What is the significance of declawing a cat?

Answer 31

They lose insertions of deep digital flexor, digital flexors and extensors

Question 32

Median nerve doesn’t have cutaneous zone, but it does have a ___ zone

Answer 32

sensory

Question 33

Action of the infraspinatous muscles

Answer 33

both flexion and extension, but mainly extension

Question 34

The greater tubercle is on the ___ and ___ sides of the humerus

Answer 34

proximal, lateral

Question 35

Where does the subscapular nerve originate?

Answer 35

C5 and C6

Question 36

Insertion and action of subscapularis

Answer 36

Insertion: lesser tubercle
Action: extends shoulder

Question 37

Which flexor(s) does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 37

ulnaris lateralis

Question 38

Which muscles are innervated by cranial nerve 11 (Accessory nerve)?

Answer 38

Brachiocephalicus
Omotransversarius
Sternocephalicus
Trapezius

Question 39

What innervates the epaxial muscles?

Answer 39

dorsal branches of the spinal nerves

Question 40

Innervation of longus coli, longus capitus, and splenius

Answer 40

ventral branches of the spinal nerves

Question 41

How does the thoracic region of the spinal column prevent herniation?

Answer 41

Intercapital ligament sits on top of the discs

Question 42

Describe the blood flow path to the manus of the cat

Answer 42

Axillary → Brachial → Radial → Manus