Exam 1 Review - Lecture Portion Flashcards
Where does the C1 nerve pass through
lateral vertebral foramen on C1
what passes through the transverse foramen on C2-C6
arteries and veins
starts as cartilage when young and then closes/calcifies. Also called the physis or growth plate
epiphyseal plate
beside the growth plate, funnel shaped. there are ones on the proximal and distal end of bone
metaphysis
between the growth plate, the shaft of the bone
diaphysis
which cervical-vertebrae has the tallest spinous process
C7
which vertebrae has the biggest transverse process
C6
What is special about C7
C7 does not have a transverse foramen
Joint in which bones are united by dense connective tissue, and example
fibrous joint, sutures of skull
joint in which bones are united by cartilage, and example
cartlaginous joint, intervertebral discs, between skull and hyoid apparatus
joint which has a fluid filled cavity that envelops the union of bones
synovial joint
3 examples of synovial joints
saddle, pivot, and hinge joints
what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?
pivotal
which joint allows for the “no” motion
atlanto-axial joint
How many vertebrae for most mammals have? C, T, L, S
C7, T13, L7, S3
Cats have a ________ foramen, not a supratrochlear foramen
supracondylar foramen
what passes through the supracondylar foramen in cats
brachial artery and median nerve
Do cats have a nuchal ligament?
NO
How is the coracoid process in cats different than the ones in dogs?
it is more pronounced
T/F cats have clavicles visible on radiographs
True
A dog has presented to you that can extend its elbow joint and bear weight, however, only on the dorsal aspect of its manus. When you test the dorsal manus for sensation, the dog clearly has feeling in its skin. What specific nerve damage might explain this presentation?
Deep branch of radial nerve on surface of brachialis muscle
What nerve innervates cutaneous trunci?
lateral thoracic
what reflex is cutaneous trunci responsible for?
panniculus reflex
Upon loss of ulnar nerve, what muscles can compensate?
median nerve flexors: SDF, DDF (humeral and radial head), flexor carpi radialis
Can the shoulder still flex if the axillary nerve is damaged?
Yes
Axillary nerve innvervates the teres major, minor, and deltoid
Lat dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve) and long head of tricep (radial nerve) will compensate
Which muscle of the shoulder is “redundant”? How so?
Infraspinatous (suprascapular nerve) is redundant, it both flexes and extends the shoulder
What happens if you lose function of the radial nerve? Can any muscles compensate for the extension of the elbow?
No muscles can compensate for extension of the elbow
What structures go through the supracondylar foramen in the cat? What muscles are affected by the nerve?
median nerve runs through: superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres
What can occur following damage to the supracondylar foramen in the cat?
Supracondylar damage→ median nerve → flexors of carpus damaged
what is the technical term or declawing a cat? What does it involve?
onychectomy; Remove distal phalange, ensuring you remove the root of deep digital flexor
What is the significance of declawing a cat?
They lose insertions of deep digital flexor, digital flexors and extensors
Median nerve doesn’t have cutaneous zone, but it does have a ___ zone
sensory
Action of the infraspinatous muscles
both flexion and extension, but mainly extension
The greater tubercle is on the ___ and ___ sides of the humerus
proximal, lateral
Where does the subscapular nerve originate?
C5 and C6
Insertion and action of subscapularis
Insertion: lesser tubercle
Action: extends shoulder
Which flexor(s) does the radial nerve innervate?
ulnaris lateralis
Which muscles are innervated by cranial nerve 11 (Accessory nerve)?
Brachiocephalicus
Omotransversarius
Sternocephalicus
Trapezius
What innervates the epaxial muscles?
dorsal branches of the spinal nerves
Innervation of longus coli, longus capitus, and splenius
ventral branches of the spinal nerves
How does the thoracic region of the spinal column prevent herniation?
Intercapital ligament sits on top of the discs
Describe the blood flow path to the manus of the cat
Axillary → Brachial → Radial → Manus
