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Pharmacology II > Exam 1 Review Continuation > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Continuation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin?

A

10-20 mcg

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2
Q

What is the toxic level for phenytoin?

A

30-50 mcg/mL

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3
Q

State the before (4) and after (2) effects of ibuprofen/Advil

A

before: acute pain, injury, nausea, decreased mobility
after: pain level decreased, swelling/redness is reduced

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4
Q

What is the therapeutic range for lithium?

A

0.8-1.2 mEq/L

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5
Q

What are some of the side effects of cephalosporin antibiotics? (6)

A
  • anorexia
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • itching/rash
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6
Q

State the before (3) and after (2) effects of cephalosporin

A

before: tissue injury, nausea, vomiting
after: infection has ceased, no side effects including superinfection occur

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7
Q

What are the signs of superinfection? (3)

A

mouth ulcers, white patches on the tongue, discharge from the anal or genital area

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8
Q

Which cephalosporin generation is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against MRSA?

A

5th generation cephalosporin

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9
Q

Define bacteriostatic

A

prevents the growth of the bacteria

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10
Q

Define bacteriocidal

A

kills the bacteria

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11
Q

What type of drug is venlafaxine? How does it function?

A

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI); blocks nerve fibers to increase serotonin and norepinephrine in the nerve cells

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12
Q

What does venlafaxine treat? (4)

A

depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder

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13
Q

Side effects of venlafaxine? (2)

Adverse reactions? (3)

A
  • Dizziness, insomnia

- Serotonin syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, suicidal ideation

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14
Q

What are some signs of serotonin syndrome? (4)

A

tachycardia, hypertension, twitching, hyperthermia

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15
Q

Patient teaching for venlafaxine? (3)

A
  • assess OTC herb usage (esp. St. John’s wort)
  • risk for fall (orthostatic hypotension)
  • monitor signs of serotonin syndrome
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16
Q

Bethanechol is what type of drug?

A

Cholinergic Parasympathomimetic

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17
Q

What does bethanechol treat? (2)

A
  • urinary retention

- neurologic bladder

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18
Q

How does bethanechol function?

A

stimulates cholinergic muscarinic receptor to prompt contraction of bladder

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19
Q

What are some side effects of bethanechol? (3)

A
  • frequency
  • diaphoresis
  • hypersalivation
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20
Q

What are some adverse effects of bethanechol? (3)

A
  • tachycardia
  • hypotension
  • bronchospasm
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21
Q

What are contraindications for use of bethanechol? (4)

A
  • IBS
  • GI or UT obstruction
  • COPD
  • asthma
22
Q

Interventions for bethanechol?

A
  • auscultate lung sounds for wheezing (adverse reaction of bronchospasm)
23
Q

Doxycycline is what type of drug? Used to treat? (2)

A
  • antibacterial tetracycline

- treats acne, UTI

24
Q

Side effects of doxycycline? (5)

A
  • tooth/nail discoloration
  • photosensitivity
  • rash
  • injection site reaction
  • dysphagia
25
Q

Adverse reaction of doxycycline that is common with most antibiotics?

A

Superinfection

26
Q

Patient teaching for doxycycline? (4)

A
  • expected that teeth/ nails may be discolored
  • avoid sunlight
  • assess injection site for reaction
  • risk for aspiration
27
Q

Cyclobenzaprine is what type of drug? What does it treat?

A
  • muscle relaxant

- treats short-term muscle spasms

28
Q

Side effects of cyclobenzaprine? (2)

A
  • anticholinergic effects

- unpleasant taste

29
Q

Cardiac issues that pose as a contraindication for cyclobenzaprine? (3)

A
  • QT prolongation
  • arrhythmias
  • AMI
30
Q

Patient teaching for cyclobenzaprine? (3)

A
  • should not be used for more than 2-3 weeks
  • caution when driving or operating machinery
    avoid sunlight
  • take with food/milk to decrease GI upset
31
Q

Infliximab is what type of drug? Used to treat? (2)

A
  • tumor necrosis factor blocker

- rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis

32
Q

How does infliximab work?

A

binds and blocks TNF from attaching to receptors, delays the inflammatory process

33
Q

What are some side effects of infliximab? (4)

A
  • fever
  • rash
  • arthralgia
  • myalgia
34
Q

What are some adverse effects of infliximab? (2)

A
  • severe infections

- bronchospasm

35
Q

Contraindication of infliximab?

A

patients with HF

36
Q

Patient teaching for infliximab?

A

concurrent use of other immunosuppressives may increase the risk for infection

37
Q

What criteria does an HCP use to decide which antidepressant to use? (4)

A
  • suicidal ideation
  • how long they have been depressed for
  • cause of depression/sadness
  • what medications they use and if it was effective
38
Q

Other than migraine treatment, what does propranolol do/treat? (2) It is what type of drug?

A
  • decrease cardiac remodeling
  • treats HF
  • adrenergic antagonist
39
Q

Why is epinephrine given to patients who are having anaphylaxis due to allergic reactions? (2)

A

Promotes bronchodilation and increases HR

40
Q

Ethosuximide is an antiseizure used to treat?

A

Absence seizures mostly in young children

41
Q

Can phenytoin be used to address status epilepticus?

A

No, status epilepticus is treated with a benzodiazepine (lorazepam)

42
Q

What does it mean if epinephrine extravasates?

A

the IV leaks into the surrounding tissue which may deoxygenate the tissue, causing tissue necrosis

43
Q

Which intervention is a priority for a patient that is taking tolterodine tartrate for urinary retention who presents to the emergency department with complaints of lip swelling and is audibly wheezing?

A

Establish airway

44
Q

Physostigmine is the antidote for what overdose?

A

Atropine overdose (restlessness and tachycardia)?

45
Q

A patient should avoid foods that contain tyramine when taking which group of medications? What are some examples of foods containing tyramine?

A

MAOIs; aged cheese, red wine, certain meats

46
Q

Patient teaching for benztropine? (2)

A
  • driving should be avoided because it causes drowsiness

- should stay indoors during hot weather because of decreased ability to sweat

47
Q

Using direct-acting cholinergic agonists is contraindicated in patients with what medical history?

A

Asthma (cholinergic agonists caused bronchial constriction)

48
Q

What is the difference between cholinergic agonists and cholinergic antagonists?

A

Cholinergic agonists: stimulate acetylcholine

Cholinergic antagonists: block acetylcholine by occupying its receptors

49
Q

Bethanechol therapy can result in what lab results? What should an RN do?

A
  • false elevation of amylase and lipase lab results

- should contact the HCP

50
Q

What are signs of cholinergic crisis that can occur with the usage of bethanechol? (5) What should the RN do immediately?

A
  • sweating
  • flushing
  • nausea
  • muscle weakness
  • increased salivation
  • Rn should treat immediately with IV atropine
51
Q

What are the signs of atropine overdose? (2) What should an RN do? (2)

A
  • tachycardia and pupil dilation

- provide artificial ventilation immediately and contact HCP

52
Q

What response by the student indicates effective teaching on anticholinergic medications?

A

“Anticholinergics cause problems with urinary retention”

Pharmacology II (7 decks)

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