Exam 1 review Flashcards
An insertion mutation added two nucleotides to a gene’s ORF causing a frameshift that alters the amino acid sequence and causes a complete functional loss. What mechanism(s) is(are) capable of restoring function to the gene product?
Second-site reversion, true reversion and back mutation
protein can serve as a template for RNA synthesis
Flase
Holiday Junction resolution can produce different patterns of recombinant and/or parental chromatids. Which type of Holiday Junction resolution (vertical or horizontal) would account for diagram B ?
Vertical
Which feature of higher eukaryote (would include humans) increases the diversity of peptide products produced from its genome?
RNA processing
An enzyme that cleaves a polynucleotide chain somewhere in the middle without sequence requirement is:
an endonuclease
Transcription in a bacterium occurs in the nucleus
False
The components of a nucleotide are:
a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group and a nucleoside and phosphate group
A mutation in a gene’s sequence that prevents its ability to be transcribed is acting in trans.
False
A reading frame that has frequent termination codons is called an “alternative reading frame”
False
Nitrogenous bases are at the ends of a polynucleotide chain.
False
A mutation in a coding gene causes the protein product to prematurely terminate translation by changing a single nucleotide so that a stop codon is generated. This type of mutation is an example of a(an):
nonsense mutation
The 3’ to 5’ phosphate linkage is an example of a (an):
covalent bond
A missense mutation results in an amino acid substitution in the peptide product.
True
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of a polynucleotide chain.
True
A mutant phenotype is observed in 1/4 of the offspring from a breeding pair of phenotypically wildtype toads. We can deduce that:
The parents are heterozygous for the phenotype causing allele, and the trait is recessive.
The Belgium Blue Bull is the result of a single gene disruption. Which statements are false about the mutation or gene product?
The mutation is gain-of-function affecting the myostatin gene, and Myostatin functions normally in the mutant.
A and T pair with two hydrogen bonds whereas G and C base pair with three hydrogen bonds.
True
Mutant alleles in the same cistron must have the same sequence.
False
Which types of mutation will definitely cause a change in the peptide sequence of a gene product?
frameshift mutation in the coding sequence, missense mutation, and indel in the coding sequence
What genomic features can affect a DNA fingerprint?
Indels, Transition mutations, Presence of repetitive DNA sequence, Single nucleotide polymorphisms, and Absence of repetitive DNA sequence
Which diagram and proposed cleavage sites (dotted line(s)) would produce four recombinant strands in the resulting chromatids?
A. vertical B. Horizontal
A
A mutation that changes the sequence from ATCTGCTGA to ATCTCTGA is an example of:
an indel
In a hypothetical situation a gene is mutated by the insertion of 11 nucleotides in the open reading frame. A subsequent mutation deletes the 11 nucleotides inserted in the first mutation. Therefore, the second mutation is an example of a(an):
true reversion
Alternative splicing is most common in simple eukaryotes like yeast.
False
