Exam 1 review Flashcards
Definition of “knot”
Fastening by looping length of suture material and tightening by hand or insturment
2 typs of stable knots?
- Square knot
2. Surgeons knot
2 types of unstable knot?
- Granny knot
2. Simple knot
Where can one see an “External knot”
outside body
Where is a “buried knot”?
Inside body
Ideal surgical knot?
No slip, not too much or too little tension, minimal context between tissue and suture material
What is “dishecense”?
Rupture along surgical incision
Breast cancer #1 risk factor?
Being female
Breast cancer #2 risk factor?
History of first-degree relatives with breast cancer
What is a physiological nodularity?
Uneven texture of breast. Granular, nodular, or lumpy.
Is physiological nodularity normal?
YES
Where do breast lymphatics drain toward?
axilla
Which node can malignant breast cells spready directly to?
Infraclavicular nodes
Peau D’Orange?
One breast looks like orange peel. BAD!
Paget’s dz and breast ca?
Eczema on one breast concerning for malignancy
Is tenderness suggestive of breast malignancy?
Nope! Malignany masses most likely non-tender.
Clinical Breast Exam how often? Position?
q3y, 20-39 y/o. supine.
Breast Self Exam how often?
Every month after age 20. 5-7 days after menses begins.
Female breast extends from ____ down to ___
clavicle/2nd rib down to 6th rib
Muscles overlying breasts? Overlying inf margin?
Pectoralis major
Inferior margin=serratous anterior
Tail of breast aka?
Tail of Spence
Which breast nodes are most easily palpated?
Central nodes
What is the loose, wrinkled pouch in men?
Scrotum
How many compartments in scrotum?
2 compartments, one testis in each
Covering of scrotum?
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica vaginalis covers posterior scrotum?
Nope!
Name of tissue covering posterolateral scrotum?
Epididymis
Shape of Epididymis?
Comma shape
What does Epididymis feel like? (hint: what it feels like)
Noduar, soft, cordlike
What is Epididymis site for?
REservoir for storage, maturation, and transport of sperm
How to view Epididymis
Lift up
What sort of test done to any palpable mass of scrotum?
Transillumination
Which 4 scrotal masses do not transilluminate?
- Inguinal hernia
- Varicocele
- Tumor
- Hematoma
Mass while standing which disappears while laying?
Hernia
Mass while standing which stays while laying?
Listen to mass with stethoscope for bowel sounds (indirect inguinal hernia)
Red glow during scrotal transillumination is likely not what?
Not hernia
Two major types of hernias?
- Inguinal
2. Femoral
Inguinal Hernia when loops of bowel do what?
Force way through weak spots of inguinal canal
2 types of Inguinal Hernia?
- Indirect Inguinal Hernia
2. Direct inguinal hernia
Most common type of inguinal hernia?
Indirect
Origin of indirect inguinal hernia?
Above inguinal ligament
Course of indirect inguinal hernia?
Into scrotum
What hear in scrotum with indirect inguinal hernia?
bowel sounds
Which hernia responds to “cough and bear down”
indirect inguinal hernia
Direct inguinal hernia rare in who?
Rarely in women
Direct inguinal hernia above what age?
> 40, men
Origin of Direct inguinal hernia?
Above inguinal ligament near public tubercle
What direction does Direct inguinal hernia bulge?
Anteriorally
Where does Direct inguinal hernia push side of finger?
Forward
Femoral hernia is when bowel pushes through where?
Trough femoral canal weak spots
Origin of femoral hernia?
Below inguinal ligament
Least common hernia?
Femoral hernia
Who gets Femoral hernia more often?
Womens
First thing to do in BLS?
Scene safe, shout for help, activate emergency response system, get AED
When to start CPR?
No pulse, gasping w/snoring noises
CPR for adults ratio and rate?
30:2, 100-120 compressions per minute
How often to rotate for adult CPR?
q2min
What to do with AED and pacemaker?
Don’t put pads over pacemaker
Rescue breathing for opioid overdose rate?
1 breath every 5 seconds
What to do for opioid no pulse and no breathing?
One person start CPR, one person get AED and naloxone
Wheezing between cought is what degree of choking obstruction?
Mild
Can’t talk, cyanosis, high-pitch during inhale is what degree of choking?
Severe
Who can and can’t do abdominal thrusts on?
Can=people of average size
Can’t=preggers, obese, infants
Unstable defintion according to ACLS?
No pulse, no breathing, signs of shock, altered mental state, acute heart failure, VTach, VFib
Stable defintion according to ACLS?
Pulse, breathing, stable tachycardia, stable bradycardia
When to do synchronized cardioversion?
Persistent tachycardia with pulse and hypotension/AMS/Shock/Ischemic CP/Acute heart failure