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Mom, baby and pediatrics > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the blood pressure medications used for pregnant mothers?

A

hydralazine or labetalol

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2
Q

What happens to the baby of a mother with gestational diabetes?

A

Can be macrosomic and have congenital anomolies.

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3
Q

When is HcG detected?

A

In urine–7 days.

In serum– 8-10 days

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4
Q

Can a pregnant mother have sex?

A

Yes, unless ROM has occurred.

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5
Q

Describe contraction frequency.

A

The time from when start of one contraction to the start of the next contraction.

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6
Q

What is Goodell’s sign?

A

Softening of cervix.

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7
Q

What is quickening?

A

Initial awareness of the mother.

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8
Q

Define term. (GTPAL)

A

Number of pregnancies that were carried to term ( 38-42 weeks).

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9
Q

Define gravida. (GTPAL)

A

Number of pregnancies.

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10
Q

What is Naegele’s Rule?

A

First day of last menstrual cycle add seven days and then count back three months.

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11
Q

What does a full bladder do to labor?

A

It slows labor down!

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12
Q

What is the mother at risk for with an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Hemorrhage.

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13
Q

Define para.

A

Number of pregnancies at least 20 weeks.

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14
Q

What can happen to a mother who has hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

She can lose weight, become dehydrated, electrolyte imbalances.

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15
Q

Can you do cervical checks if placenta aprevia occurs?

A

NO!

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16
Q

What are signs and symptoms of placenta precvia?

A

Bright red vaginal bleeding with NO pain.

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17
Q

What needs to be monitored when a mother is on oxytocin?

A

Duration and frequency of uterine contractions. It is important for the mother to have a resting period.

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18
Q

What does progesterone cause?

A

Smooth muscle relaxant. It causes growth in mammary ducts for preparation of lactation.

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19
Q

What is lightening?

A

When the fetus drops into the pelvis.

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20
Q

What is the function of Hpl?

A

It is an insulin antagonist. It increases glucose in pregnancy.

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21
Q

What are presumptive pregnancy signs?

A

Amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, breast soreness

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22
Q

Describe HELLP Syndrome?

A

Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets. (Less than 100,000)

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23
Q

What are positive signs of pregnancy?

A

Ultrasound at 6th week
Fetal heart rate at 12th week
Fetal movement at 18th week

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24
Q

What is the fetus’s position if placenta previa occurs?

A

Breach or transverse lie.

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25
Q

Dried beans are a good source of what?

A

Iron.

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26
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

The placenta is partially or completely covering the cervix.

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27
Q

What is magnesium sulfate’s therapeutic level?

A

5-8

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28
Q

What is the fourth stage of labor?

A

Expulsion of placenta to homeostasis.

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29
Q

What is the purpose of relaxin?

A

It relaxes pelvic muscles and joints in preparation for childbirth.

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30
Q

What happens in active labor?

A

There are cervical changes.

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31
Q

What is an incompetent cervix?

A

The cervix dialates too early.

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32
Q

What are probable signs of pregnancy?

A

positive pregnancy test, Chadwick’s sign, Hegar’s sign, Goodell’s sign, uterine enlargement, bollotment.

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33
Q

What happens to the breasts during pregnancy?

A

They become enlarged and tender. The areola becomes darker.

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34
Q

What is the purpose of oxytocin?

A

It induces uterine contractions in labor and is a “milk letdown”.

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35
Q

What is the third stage of labor?

A

Birth to expulsion of the placenta.

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36
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of placenta abruptio?

A

Abrupt onset of pain, board-like abdomen, immediate dark red vaginal bleeding.

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37
Q

What is the first stage of labor?

A

From the beginning of contractions to the full dilation of the cervix.

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38
Q

What needs to be assessed at the first prenatal visit?

A

Social and financial resources including family involved and adequate transportation.

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39
Q

What does the skin feel like for the mother who is experiencing Vena Cava Syndrome?

A

Cool and damp.

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40
Q

Describe contraction duration.

A

The time from the start of one contraction to the end of that same contraction.

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41
Q

What are the cardinal movements?

A

Engagement, Descent, Flexion, Internal rotation, Extrusion.

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42
Q

What causes urinary frequency in the third trimester?

A

The fetus is putting pressure on the bladder.

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43
Q

Describe what a cerclage is.

A

Purse string suture (in diamond shape) to close the cervix.

44
Q

What is placenta abruptio?

A

Premature separation from the uterine wall.

45
Q

What is the antidote for magnesium sulfate?

A

Calcium gluconate.

46
Q

What is the treatment for Vena Cava Syndrome?

A

Re-position on the left side and change positions frequently.

47
Q

What is the purpose of HcG.

A

It maintains corpus luteum until placenta is functional.

48
Q

What is the mother’s focus on during the first trimester?

A

Nausea and vomiting, and all the other discomforts.

49
Q

When are iron supplements taken?

A

At night.

50
Q

Why are Braxton Hicks contractions not considered true labor?

A

These contractions do not cause dilation and effacement.

51
Q

Why is dehydration so dangerous for a pregnant mother?

A

Because it can cause preterm labor.

52
Q

How do you treat VEAL CHOP?

A 
With POOF! 
P - Position change
O - Administer oxygen
O - Stop oxytocin
F - Fluids need to be discontinued
53
Q

What happens to the ovaries during pregnancy?

A

They take a break! There is no ovulation!

54
Q

Why can’t a mother begin pushing before they are in the transition stage of labor?

A

Because there is a bigger chance of tearing or lacerations.

55
Q

What is the normal range for fetal heart rate?

A

110-160 beats per minute.

56
Q

When is a vaginal birth after c-section contraindicated?

A

If the mother has had a previous uterine rupture of vertical incision.

57
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

The egg did not plant into the uterus.

58
Q

What is the treatment for an incompetent cervix?

A

A cerclage.

59
Q

Describe a molar pregnancy.

A

Grapelike clusters in the uterus.

60
Q

What is Hegar’s sign?

A

Softening of lower uterus.

61
Q

Define linea nigra.

A

Hyperpigmented line of the abdomen from from the symphosysis pubis to the top of the fundus.

62
Q

What are sources of iron and calcium?

A

Organ meat, sardines, fish, legumes, enriched breads, dark greens, milk

63
Q

What are some good ways to prepare young children on becoming a sibling?

A

Picture books, attend antepartal visits and sibling preparation classes.

64
Q

What two hormones maintain pregnancy?

A

Estrogen and progesterone.

65
Q

What are signs and symptoms of severe pre-eclampsia?

A

Elevated blood pressure, (3+) proteinuria, edema and urine output less than 30 mL/hr.

66
Q

When does nausea and vomiting usually diminish?

A

After 13-14 weeks, usually after the first trimester.

67
Q

Define abortions. (GTPAL)

A

Number of elective or spontaneous abortions less than 20 weeks.

68
Q

When can the cerclage be removed?

A

About 36 weeks when the fetus has matured.

69
Q

How do you determine true labor?

A

Have the mother ambulate and see if the contractions stop.

70
Q

Define telangietasis.

A

Vascular spiders.

71
Q

How much does the mother’s heart rate increase during pregnancy?

A

10-15 beats per minute.

72
Q

Define cholasma.

A

Darkening skin on the face.

73
Q

What is the second phase of labor?

A

Full dilation to birth.

74
Q

What can cause placenta abruptio?

A

Use of cocaine, multiple fetuses, PROM, and smoking.

75
Q

What are Braxton Hicks?

A

Contractions that are intermittent and irregular.

76
Q

What needs to be monitored after an epidural is given?

A

Hypotension.

77
Q

What needs to be monitored closely for a patient who is on magnesium sulfate?

A

Respiratory rate. (Should not be less than 12/ minute)

78
Q

What is Vena Cava Syndrome?

A

Dizziness or syncope related to the fetus laying on and putting pressure on the inferior vena cava.

79
Q

Eating 6 small meals a day.
Eating dry carbs in the morning.
Avoiding spicy foods.
Having good posture.

These are all ways to…

A

Avoid or decrease heart burn.

80
Q

What happens immediately after ROM?

A

Check the fetal heart rate and monitor for infection by checking the temperature every 2 hours.

81
Q

What causes nasal congestion or nose bleeding during pregnancy?

A

Elevated estrogen levels.

82
Q

What does a Quad screen test for?

A

HcG, estriol, estrogen, inhibin A. (tests for down syndrome – Trisomy 21)

83
Q

What is eclampsia treated with?

A

Magnesium sulfate.

84
Q

Define striae graidarum.

A

Stretch marks.

85
Q

When does an epidural have to be administered?

A

During the active phase of labor.

86
Q

Define living. (GTPAL)

A

Number of living children.

87
Q

What supplement decreases the risk of neural tube defects?

A

Folic acid.

88
Q

Can a pregnant mother change cat litter?

A

NO!

89
Q

How long must a woman be on birth control after a molar pregnancy?

A

One full year.

90
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

Causes milk production.

91
Q

What are the five P’s?

A 
Passenger
Pathway
Powers
Position
Psychologic response
92
Q

Describe VEAL CHOP

A

Variable Decels=Cord Compression (bad)
Early Decels=Head Compression (ok)
Accelerations= (ok)
Late Decels=Placenta Insufficiency (bad)

93
Q

When can a rubella vaccine be given to a pregnant women?

A

Never!!

94
Q

When a patient has all signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia, what is the next step?

A

Put them on seizure precautions.

95
Q

What is the at home treatment for mild eclampsia?

A

Bedrest and blood pressure at home.

96
Q

Can a pregnant mother take baths?

A

Yes unless ROM has occurred.

97
Q

When can a mother start pushing?

A

When the the cervix is fulling dilating and 100% effaced.

98
Q

What happens to the cardiac output during pregnancy?

A

It increase 10 % by 5 weeks and then up to 50 % by 34 weeks gestation.

99
Q

What is Chadwick’s sign?

A

Increased vascularity of cervix and uterus.

100
Q

When can you not induce use oxytocin to augment labor?

A

When the fetus is in the wrong position
If the mother is pre-term
If the mother has placenta previa

101
Q

When does lightening usually occur?

A

About 36 weeks.

102
Q

Define preterm. (GTPAL)

A

Number of pregnancies that were carried to preterm (28-37 weeks).

103
Q

Describe effacement.

A

Shortening and thinning of the cervix in length.

104
Q

Where is gallstone and constipation pain felt by the pregnant mother

A

Right upper quadrant.

105
Q

When does quickening usually occur?

A

About 16-22 weeks.

Mom, baby and pediatrics (4 decks)

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