Exam 1 Review Flashcards
Define translation vs. Rotation
1) Translation: all parts of a rigid body move parallel and in the same direction. Types: rectilinear and curvilinear
2) Rotation: a body moves in a circular path around a pivot point.
Define open-packed vs. closed-packed
Open–packed position provides the least joint congruency and most amount of soft tissue laxity.
Closed-packed position provides the most joint congruency and the least amount of soft tissue laxity.
- joint congruency: how well the 2 bones fit together
Define kinematics
Kinematics describes the motion of a body WITHOUT regard to the forces or torques that may have produced the motion.
Define kinetics
Kinetics describes the forces (or torques) that act on or within a body
Contrast force and torque
Torque is the force with rotation about an axis
Internal torque
Torque produced around a joint driven by an internal force such as a muscle
External torque
The torque produced around a joint caused by an external force such as gravity
Static rotary equilibrium
When internal and external are forces equal about a joint
Describe eccentric vs. Concentric muscle contraction
Eccentric is the controlled lengthening of a muscle (slow and controlled).
Concentric is the active shortening of a muscle.
Describe the difference of force vs. Pressure
Force is the magnitude and pressure is the magnitude divided by the area of contact
Describe Mass Vs. Weight
A mass describes the number of particles that exists in an object. A weight is a force that describes the gravitational pull exerted on a mass.
Synarthroses joint characteristics
Reinforced by fibrous and cartilaginous CT.
Permit slight to No movement
Types of synarthroses joints (2)
Fibrous and cartilaginous
Diarthroses joints
Possess a synovial fluid-filled cavity
Permit moderate to extensive movement
What are elements always associated with synovial/diarthrodial joints (7)
Synovial membrane,
articular cartilage,
capsule (internal and external layers),
sensory nerves,
blood vessels,
Capsular ligaments
Joint capsule
