Exam 1 Review Flashcards
Define translation vs. Rotation
1) Translation: all parts of a rigid body move parallel and in the same direction. Types: rectilinear and curvilinear
2) Rotation: a body moves in a circular path around a pivot point.
Define open-packed vs. closed-packed
Open–packed position provides the least joint congruency and most amount of soft tissue laxity.
Closed-packed position provides the most joint congruency and the least amount of soft tissue laxity.
- joint congruency: how well the 2 bones fit together
Define kinematics
Kinematics describes the motion of a body WITHOUT regard to the forces or torques that may have produced the motion.
Define kinetics
Kinetics describes the forces (or torques) that act on or within a body
Contrast force and torque
Torque is the force with rotation about an axis
Internal torque
Torque produced around a joint driven by an internal force such as a muscle
External torque
The torque produced around a joint caused by an external force such as gravity
Static rotary equilibrium
When internal and external are forces equal about a joint
Describe eccentric vs. Concentric muscle contraction
Eccentric is the controlled lengthening of a muscle (slow and controlled).
Concentric is the active shortening of a muscle.
Describe the difference of force vs. Pressure
Force is the magnitude and pressure is the magnitude divided by the area of contact
Describe Mass Vs. Weight
A mass describes the number of particles that exists in an object. A weight is a force that describes the gravitational pull exerted on a mass.
Synarthroses joint characteristics
Reinforced by fibrous and cartilaginous CT.
Permit slight to No movement
Types of synarthroses joints (2)
Fibrous and cartilaginous
Diarthroses joints
Possess a synovial fluid-filled cavity
Permit moderate to extensive movement
What are elements always associated with synovial/diarthrodial joints (7)
Synovial membrane,
articular cartilage,
capsule (internal and external layers),
sensory nerves,
blood vessels,
Capsular ligaments
Joint capsule
Classifications of synovial joints (7)
Hinge
Pivot
Ellipsoid
Ball and socket
Planar
Saddle
Condyloid
Define the Axis of rotation
The point about a Motion happens.
Ex. AP, ML, and longitudinal
Types of periarticular CT (3)
Dense CT- ligaments and tendons
Articular cartilage- specialize hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage- menisci and discs
Endomysium
CT that Surrounds an individual muscle cell/fiber
Helps transfer force
Perimysium
CT that surround a bundle of muscle fibers.
Helps w/ blood
Epimysium
Fibrous elastic tissue that surrounds a muscle belly.
Resistant to stretch
Epimysium
Fibrous elastic tissue that surrounds a muscle belly.
Resistant to stretch
What happens when a sarcomere is added in series
Length is added to the muscle fiber and contraction speed increases
What happens when a sarcomere is added in parallel
Width is added to the muscle (hypertrophy) and the contractile force increases
