Exam 1 Review Flashcards
What are the steps to the Scientific Method?
Observation > ask a question > hypotheses > prediction > experiment > analyze > report
When is a atom inert?
When the outer shell is full of electrons.
What is surface tension?
The capacity of a substance to withstand rupture when placed under tension or stress.
What is a pH below 7 considered?
Acidic
What is a pH above 7 considered?
Bases (alkaline)
How do bases raise pH?
Providing hydroxide ions (OH-)
Large molecules that are built from smaller molecules are…
Macromolecules
Carbohydrates energy is primarily provided through…
Glucose
Formula for carbohydrates
CH2O
What are monosaccharides and what is the most common form?
Simple sugars whose most common form is glucose
What is the smallest carbohydrate monomer?
Glucose
What is a double sugar, formed from 2 monosaccharides called?
Disaccharide
What is a polysaccharide?
A long chain of monosaccharides held together by covalent bonds.
Energy storage in plant roots and other tissues made of glucose monomers
Starch
The storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates, stored in the liver and muscles
Glycogen
Cell walls that provide structure to plant cells
Cellulose
Exoskeletons are made of this macromolecule
Chitin
Fats and oils belong in the subclass ____ of lipids
Triglycerides
A triglyceride is made of…
A glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Acids found in triglycerides
Fatty acids
Fats that have the maximum number of hydrogens are called…
Saturated (Hydrogen attached to carbon is full)
Fatty acids that contain a double bond
Unsaturated fatty acid
A fat with more than one double bond
Polyunsaturated fat
Functions of lipids
Store long term energy, provide insulation from environment, repel water, are building blocks of hormones
Composition of a Phospholipid
2 fatty acids, glycerol, and a phosphate
Importance of a phospholipid
It is the major component of a cell membranes
What are the functions of a protein?
Structural, regulatory, contractile, enzymes
Protein monomers are called..
Amino acids
Amino acid covalent bonds formed by dehydration are called..
Peptide bonds
Chain of amino acids that is also another name for protein
Polypeptide
What is primary structure of a protein?
The sequence and number of amino acids.
Secondary structures of proteins and name the most common
Folding patterns: most common are the alpha helix and the beta pleated
The 3 dimensional structure of a polypeptide
Tertiary structure
Formed by 2 or more polypeptide chains
Quaternary
