Exam 1 Review

Question 1

What are the steps to the Scientific Method?

Answer 1

Observation > ask a question > hypotheses > prediction > experiment > analyze > report

Question 2

When is a atom inert?

Answer 2

When the outer shell is full of electrons.

Question 3

What is surface tension?

Answer 3

The capacity of a substance to withstand rupture when placed under tension or stress.

Question 4

What is a pH below 7 considered?

Answer 4

Acidic

Question 5

What is a pH above 7 considered?

Answer 5

Bases (alkaline)

Question 6

How do bases raise pH?

Answer 6

Providing hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 7

Large molecules that are built from smaller molecules are…

Answer 7

Macromolecules

Question 8

Carbohydrates energy is primarily provided through…

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

Formula for carbohydrates

Answer 9

CH₂O

Question 10

What are monosaccharides and what is the most common form?

Answer 10

Simple sugars whose most common form is glucose

Question 11

What is the smallest carbohydrate monomer?

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

What is a double sugar, formed from 2 monosaccharides called?

Answer 12

Disaccharide

Question 13

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 13

A long chain of monosaccharides held together by covalent bonds.

Question 14

Energy storage in plant roots and other tissues made of glucose monomers

Answer 14

Starch

Question 15

The storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates, stored in the liver and muscles

Answer 15

Glycogen

Question 16

Cell walls that provide structure to plant cells

Answer 16

Cellulose

Question 17

Exoskeletons are made of this macromolecule

Answer 17

Chitin

Question 18

Fats and oils belong in the subclass ____ of lipids

Answer 18

Triglycerides

Question 19

A triglyceride is made of…

Answer 19

A glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 20

Acids found in triglycerides

Answer 20

Fatty acids

Question 21

Fats that have the maximum number of hydrogens are called…

Answer 21

Saturated (Hydrogen attached to carbon is full)

Question 22

Fatty acids that contain a double bond

Answer 22

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 23

A fat with more than one double bond

Answer 23

Polyunsaturated fat

Question 24

Functions of lipids

Answer 24

Store long term energy, provide insulation from environment, repel water, are building blocks of hormones

Question 25

Composition of a Phospholipid

Answer 25

2 fatty acids, glycerol, and a phosphate

Question 26

Importance of a phospholipid

Answer 26

It is the major component of a cell membranes

Question 27

What are the functions of a protein?

Answer 27

Structural, regulatory, contractile, enzymes

Question 28

Protein monomers are called..

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

Amino acid covalent bonds formed by dehydration are called..

Answer 29

Peptide bonds

Question 30

Chain of amino acids that is also another name for protein

Answer 30

Polypeptide

Question 31

What is primary structure of a protein?

Answer 31

The sequence and number of amino acids.

Question 32

Secondary structures of proteins and name the most common

Answer 32

Folding patterns: most common are the alpha helix and the beta pleated

Question 33

The 3 dimensional structure of a polypeptide

Answer 33

Tertiary structure

Question 34

Formed by 2 or more polypeptide chains

Answer 34

Quaternary