Exam 1 Review Flashcards
What is the main difference between a subspecies and a breed. Give examples of each.
Subspecies differ both morphologically and geographically from the original species based on natural selection. A breed is based on artificial selection and they’re not usually isolated geographically.
Subspecies of dog: Dingo; New Guinea Singing Dog
Breed of dog: Boxer; Chihuahua
How many years ago was the dog first completely domesticated?
15,000 years ago
When did selective breeding as we know it now truly begin?
5,000 years ago; huge extremes started occurring 200 years ago
Started police work prior to WW1 in Germany
Great Scnhauzer
Breed noted as being especially susceptible to gastric-volvulus (GDV)
Great Pyrenees
Smallest breed in Sporting group
Cocker spaniel
Powerful dog that needs to be trained with an experienced owner
Rottweiler
Scent hound( most known for this trait)
Bloodhound
Owned by noble families of Russia
Borzoi
What is the North Carolina State dog breed?
Plott hound
In 2020 it is estimated that 104 billion dollars always spent on pets in the U.S. T/F
True
Irish Setter, Cocker Spaniel, Brittany, Labrador Retriever (what AKC group?)
Sporting
Rottweiler, Giant Schnauzer, Great Pyrenees, Boxer (what AKC group?)
Working
Dachshund, Plott hound, bassett hound, borzoi (what AKC group?)
Hound
American Staffordshire terrier, Parson Russel terrier, bull terrier, border terrier (what AkC group)
Terrier
Chihuahua, Chinese Crested, Brussels Griffon, Havanese (AKC group?)
Toy
Belgian Malinois, Border collie, Pumi, Shetland Sheepdog (AKC group?)
Herding
Bulldog, Chow chow, Bichon frise, French bulldog (AKC group?)
Non-sporting
What is ear cropping? What was the original purpose.
Part or all of an animal’s outer ear are cut or removed; to prevent the risk of infection or the animal injuring themselves (it was believed that docking would prevent rabies)
Cats are the most numerous pet mammal worldwide; fish are the most abundant pet in general T/F
True
Dogs and wolves differ by what percent of Mitochondrial DNA?
0.2%
How many subspecies to the dog’s ancestor (Canis lupus) are there? including those extinct.
39; 8 went extinct so there are currently 31 Grey wolf subspecies
How many pairs of chromosomes does the domestic dog have?
39 (just like wolves, coyotes, and jackals)
the breeding and containment of a species under human control
domestication
An animal can be socialized to humans but can easily revert to feral instincts; not the same as domestication
taming
fertility and sexual maturity changes between wolves and dogs
- Wolf females have 1 estrus cycle; dog females have 2
- Wolf males are fertile seasonally; dog males are fertile year-round
- dog’s social maturity develops later in life compared to sexual maturity
Specialized hunters that locate game and often collect it; active, alert, likeable; energetic and need lots of exercise
Sporting group
the 3 general groupings of Sporting dog breeds
Forerunners (silently point toward game) Flushing dogs (move game and "flush it" toward their human) Retrievers (fetch game and return it)
“otter” tail; originated in Newfoundland; water-resistant coat; prime breed for guide and rescue
Labrador Retriever
Began in 1800 Ireland for hunting gamecock; silky, medium coat that can be mahogany, chestnut, or red in color; susceptible to bloat due to deep chest
Irish Setter
General groupings within Working group breeds
Guard dogs
Sled dogs
Rescue dogs
Not very tolerant of dogs of the same sex; inside housing preferred; has worked as war dogs, police dogs, cattle dogs, watchdogs, etc.
Boxer
“Dachs” in German
badger (refers to how Dachshunds were bred to hunt badgers; weasels and foxes too)
“Look of a sad clown”; bred in France and Belgium for endurance; nose is 2nd to the Bloodhound
Bassett Hound
Differences between American Staffordshire terriers and Pit bulls
- pit bulls are typically taller and heavier
- Am. terriers are thought to be friendlier
How to stop your cat from scratching indoors
- get a (non-carpeted) scratching post
- give them something else to do
- distract them from areas of concern so the problem doesn’t start to begin with
How to stop your cat from spraying indoors
- make sure the cat feels happy and safe (in case they’re responding to stress this way)
- wash area with baking soda, solution then scrub with pure alcohol
Training a cat to use the litter-box
- keep litter 1 inch deep; place box in a quiet area
- place kitten in box regularly; after it has eaten or woken up
- move its paws through the litter; never punish for mistakes
- mix soil in litter gradually if also training to go outside; then spread some litter outside
Stopping litter box problems
- cover litter box and clean regularly (strong odors prevent cat from going sometimes)
- put food near where cat’s soiling to discourage behavior
- secure cat door against other cats (if aggressive cats are a reason for problem)
Teaching a cat or dog to use pet door
- prop door open and encourage walk through with praise and reward (treats!)
- gradually begin to close door as pet gets used to going through door on their own
- make sure there’s nothing beyond the door that would scare your pet
bred to hunt foxes; can be smooth or wire-coated; named after a well-known hunter from 1800s England
Parson Russel Terrier
“otter” head; long legs used to keep up with game; double-coated terrier
Border Terrier
stowed on ships to hunt vermin; hairless
Chinese Crested
big, human-like eyes; “bearded”; low tolerance for loneliness
Brussels Griffon
native to Cuba (named after capital city); curled-over tail, long-haired; susceptible to Legg-calve-Perthes disease- a disease that affects hip joint)
Havanese
Hungarian origin; corkscrew ears
Pumi
cousin to the collie; originated from Scotland’s Shetland islands
Shetland sheepdog
Examples of subspecies to the domestic dog
Dingos
New Guinea Singing Dog
When were cats “fully” domesticated
around 1000 B.C. (about 3,000 years ago)
Cats were associated with the Egyptian goddess:
Bastet (goddess of fertility, love and cats)
3 types of communication used by cats
scent, vocalization, and body motions
When cats taste what they smell
Flehmen reaction (curls back upper lip revealing teeth)
How long is a cat’s gestation period
63 days
Domestic cat’s scientific name
Felis catus
How many intervals per day average do cats eat
13; obesity concern
Different meanings (3) TNR
trap, neuter, release/return/rescue
How many dog breeds are there? AKC recognized?
344 globally; 197 AKC recognized
