exam 1: resistance ex for impaired muscle performance

Question 1

intervention progression model

Answer 1

1. injury
2. pain mgmt
3. flexibility
4. strength
5. proprioception
6. endurance
7. power
8. skilled activity
9. full activity

*Tissue healing–>painfree functional activity–>pt ed

Question 2

define resistance exercise according to Kisner

Answer 2

active exercise

• dynamic/static mm contraction
• resisted by outside force
• outside force = mechanical (equipment)/manual(therapist)

Question 3

3 goals of resistance exercise

Answer 3

1. strength
2. endurance
3. power

Question 4

define muscular strength

Answer 4

greatest force a muscle/group of muscles can exert in one effort

Question 5

define strength training

Answer 5

systematic procedure of a mm or group of mm lifting, lowering, controlling heavy load for low # of reps in short period of time

Question 6

muscular endurance

Answer 6

ability to act repeatedly against a sub-max resistance

Question 7

clinical relevance of muscular power

Answer 7

• daily activities require mm action at moderate/high velocities
• biggest factor in dysfunction as ppl get older

Question 8

power training vs strength training in the elderly

Answer 8

power training has small advantage over strength training in functional outcomes in the elderly

both power and strength training improve functional performance in older adults

Question 9

5 criteria in determining which resistance exercise is appropriate for the patient

Answer 9

1. stage of condition
2. tissue reactivity
3. pt goals
4. therapeutic ex goals
5. availability of resources

Question 10

SAID principle

Answer 10

specific adaptation to imposed demand

Question 11

overload principle

Answer 11

need right amount of overload to strengthen muscle

Question 12

overflow

Answer 12

transfer of training

Question 13

reversibility principle

Answer 13

use it or lose it

Question 14

11 factors affecting muscle performance

Answer 14

1. cross sectional area: large vs small
2. fiber type: type 1 vs type 2
3. type of contraction: ecc>iso>concentric
4. speed of contraction: fast conc = weakest force production, fast ecc = greatest force
5. L-T relationship: optimal actin/myosin overlap = optimal muscle performance
6. muscle architecture: parallel vs pennate
7. training specificity: how well you are trained or familiar w/ resistance training will affect performance
8. neurological adaptation: recruitment
9. muscle fatigue
10. age: older = less muscle mass
11. motivation

Question 15

2 precautions during resistance training

Answer 15

1. valsalva maneuver: exhale upon exertion; count, sing

2. fatigue: local (burning, twitching, decreased performance) vs general (posture, SOB,decreased performance)

Question 16

prior to MRE

Answer 16

1. eval ROM, strength
2. “match my resistance”
3. remind patient to breathe
4. establish # of sets, reps so patient has goal to work with

Question 17

during MRE

Answer 17

1. force = perpendicular to pull of muscle
2. count the reps
3. provide stabilization

Question 18

modifications to MRE

Answer 18

1. rhythmic stabilization
   - man resist to one side of jt, then the other while pt. resisting isometrically
   - enhances stability
2. diagonal patterns~pnf patterns

Question 19

basic procedures w/ PNF patterns

Answer 19

1. manual contacts
2. stretch
3. normal timing
4. traction and approximation
5. verbal commands, visual cues

Question 20

specific techniques w/ PNF

Answer 20

• rhythmic initiation
• repeated contractions
• reversal of antagonists
• alternating isometrics and rhythmic stabilization

Question 21

isotonic regimens (5)

Answer 21

1. delormes technique
2. oxford technique
3. dapre
4. circuit weight training
5. plyometrics

Question 22

delormes technique

Answer 22

progressive loading (lighter–>heavier)

Question 23

oxford technique

Answer 23

regressive loading (heavier–>lighter)

Question 24

DAPRE

Answer 24

• # of reps performed during 3rd set determines weight to use for 4th set
• # of reps for 4th set determines next workout’s adjustable working weight

Question 25

concerns during isometric exercises

Answer 25

-cardiovascular stress, valsalva maneuver

Question 26

goal of muscle setting

Answer 26

increased circulation, decreased swelling, decreased pain and stimulation of mechanoreceptors

Question 27

goal of rhythmic stabilization

Answer 27

stimulation of mechanoreceptors, increased proprioception, and enhanced stability

Question 28

goal of multiple-angle isometrics

Answer 28

increase strength in specific points in ROM | *gain strength in 10 degrees on both sides of isometric contraction-->apply resistance every 20 degrees

Question 29

characteristics and effects of isometric training

Answer 29

1. intensity of contraction 2. duration of activation 3. joint angle and mode 4. repetitive contractions

Question 30

rule of tens in isometric training

Answer 30

1. 2 seconds to develop tension 2. 6 second hold 3. 2 seconds to release tension

Question 31

Davies resistive exercise progression

Answer 31

1. multiple angle isometrics sub-max 2. multiple angle isometrics max 3. short arc isokinetics sub-max 4. short arc isotonics 5. short arc isokinetics max 6. full range isokinetics sub-max 7. full range isotonics 8. full range isokinetics max

Question 32

order of greatest force production

Answer 32

1. ecc: fast>slow 2. isometrics 3. conc: slow>fast

Question 33

plyometrics

Answer 33

operate on stretch reflex, good for later stages of rehab; enhance nervous system reactivity; eccentric loading followed by quick concentric; slow static stretching will reduce stretch-reflex

Question 34

DCER

Answer 34

dynamic constant external resistance

Question 35

isokinetic training characteristics

Answer 35

1. constant velocity, 2. accomodation to fatigue 3. accomodation to painful arc

Question 36

ROM overflow in isokinetic training

Answer 36

30 degrees

Question 37

examples of isokinetic equipment

Answer 37

cybex, lido,biodex,kincom

Question 38

most common cause of DOMS

Answer 38

high speed eccentric contractions

Question 39

effect of stretching on DOMS

Answer 39

stretching does not reduce DOMS in young healthy adults

Question 40

resistive exercise precautions with osteoporosis

Answer 40

- increase intensity progressively w/ structural capacity of bone - avoid combining trunk flexion and rotation

Question 41

contraindications for resistive exercises

Answer 41

1. pain: something has already gone wrong 2. inflammation; exception = gentle muscle setting 3. severe cardiopulmonary disease 4. certain disease states/processes