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Health Psychology > exam 1 quizzes > Flashcards

exam 1 quizzes Flashcards

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1
Q

According to the Belmont Report, the two major requirements under Respect for Persons are:

A

informed consent and confidentiality

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2
Q

Donna’s doctor just diagnosed her with hypertension (high blood pressure). The doctor treats her by prescribing an ACE inhibitor and recommending a low sodium diet. This is an example of the:

A

Biomedical model

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3
Q

Random selectin means

A

Participants in a study are randomly selected from the population of interest

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4
Q

Deaths caused by disease is called:

A

Mortality

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5
Q

Human and animals research in the US are overseen by the same ethics body (T/F)

A

False

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6
Q

Allostasis is

A

Constancy through change

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7
Q

Many studies have been done on the effect of mindfulness meditation on blood pressure. Some agree, some come to very different conclusions. A research group decides to analyze all of those studies together to see if there really is an effect. This is an example of a/an:

A

Meta-analysis

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8
Q

At research institutions in the US, ethical human research is overseen by Institutional Review Boards (T/F)

A

True

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9
Q

The number of cases of disease, or the proportion of people who have the disease, at some point in time is called:

A

Prevalence

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10
Q

Some people have a reduced capacity to consent to participate in research (T/F)

A

True

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11
Q

Anticipation of a stressor activates the same physical response as experiencing a stressor (T/F)

A

True

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12
Q

There exists a high correlation between alcohol and breast cancer. It is logical to conclude from this information that alcohol causes breast cancer. (T/F)

A

False

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13
Q

The cause or origin of a disease is called

A

Etiology

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14
Q

The three stages of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome are:

A

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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15
Q

Which of these is not one of the ethical principles set forth in the Belmont report?

A

Autonomy

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16
Q

The number of new cases of a disease within a certain time period is called:

A

Incidence

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17
Q

Dr. Michael wants to compare three treatments for anxiety: medication alone, therapy alone, or medication + therapy. She recruits 150 participants and randomly assigns each to one of the three conditions. She measures anxiety before and after the treatments. This is an example of

A

Experiment

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18
Q

Donna’s doctor just diagnosed her with hypertension (high blood pressure). The doctor treats her by recommending a low-sodium diet and a gentle exercise program. This is an example of the

A

Behavioral model

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19
Q

The IRB just rejected a proposed study. The investigator wanted to test a new medication to treat mild allergic symptoms. A side effect of the medication, however, was a greatly increased risk of heart attack. This study would have violated which standard of the Belmont report?

A

Beneficence: minimize harm

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20
Q

The human stress response evolved to cope with

A

physical stressors

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21
Q

Donna’s doctor just diagnosed her with hypertension (high blood pressure). The doctor treats her by prescribing an ACE inhibitor. The doctor also refers Donna to a dietitian, so she can learn ways to lower her sodium intake even when she’s eating with family or at church functions. Donna and the doctor discuss Donna’s stress at work and healthy ways to cope.

A

Biopsychocultural model

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22
Q

Which essential feature of an experiment is missing from a quasi-experiment?

A

Random assignment

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23
Q

Casey sits on a blanket on the mall one bright spring day. During each passing period, he counts how many students who walk past him are using their phones and how many are not. This is an example of a/an:

A

Observational study

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24
Q

Surgery was revolutionized after William Morton demonstrated

A

Using ether for anesthesia

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25
Q

People who volunteer as study participants differ as a group from those who do not (T/F)

A

True

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26
Q

What kind of studies are useful to show that smoking can cause lung cancer?

A
  • Quasi experiments, comparing cancer development in people who did compared to those who did not smoke
  • Longitudinal, following smokers for years to measure health outcomes
  • Correlational studies, showing that number of pack-years smoked was related to developing lung cancer
  • Experimental, comparing rats that did and did not have tobacco smoke exposure
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27
Q

Dr. Singh works in an emergency department. Over the course of a week, she notices that ten people are brought into the emergency room with a strange new kind of lung infection. She writes a paper describing these cases. This is an example of a/an:

A

Case study

28
Q

Allowing unauthorized people to access collected data is a violation of which standard of the Belmont Report?

A

Respect for persons: confidentiality

29
Q

Which of these are the three major symptoms of the “exhaustion” phase of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?

A

Thymic atrophy, enlarged adrenals, peptic ulcers

30
Q

Donna’s doctor just diagnosed her with hypertension (high blood pressure). The doctor treats her by recommending psychotherapy to identify stressors in her life and to learn how to practice meditation. This is an example of the:

A

Psychosomatic model

31
Q

A persistent problem in medical research has been the exclusion of women as participants, and even the exclusion of women as participants, and even the exclusion of female animals in animal studies. This meant that some of the medical advances of the last century didn’t apply to women. Only recently have policies been enacted to ensure.

A

Justice: equal benefits

32
Q

Health problems caused by a disease is called

A

Morbidity

33
Q

Morbidity

A

Health problems caused by a disease is called

34
Q

Lying to participants about the study they are participating in, aside from a few exceptions, is violating which standard of the Belmont Report?

A

Respect for persons: informed consent

35
Q

Mortality

A

Deaths caused by disease is called:

36
Q

The type of fat most predictive of negative health outcomes is:

A

Abdominal/visceral fat

37
Q

The “P” in HPA axis refers to the

A

Pituitary gland

38
Q

The adrenal cortex

A

Secretes cortisol, regulating the stress response

39
Q

The parathyroid gland

A

Secretes parathyroid hormone, regulating blood calcium levels

40
Q

Human hierarchies are set up similarly to the hierarchies of other primates (T/F)

A

False

41
Q

They hypothalamus communicates to the pituitary gland via

A

Releasing hormones

42
Q

Babies grow up fine without physical contact (T/F)

A

False

43
Q

Most DNA methylation patterns are set

A

During the perinatal period (from a few weeks before birth to a few months after birth)

44
Q

Myocardial infarction is more commonly known as

A

Heart attack

45
Q

The pancreas

A

Secretes insulin, regulating blood glucose

46
Q

“fight or flight” response comes from the

A

Sympathetic nervous system

47
Q

The hypothalamus communicates to the pituitary gland via

A

Releasing hormones

48
Q

The gonad (ovary/testis):

A

Secretes androgens, estrogens, and progesterone, regulating reproductive functions

49
Q

Intense childhood stress can cause growth to slow or stop (T/F)

A

True

50
Q

Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is caused by:

A

Blockage of a coronary artery

51
Q

How does repeated stress lead to hypertension?

A

Damaged blood vessels don’t get enough time to heal, leading to atherosclerosis

52
Q

The “A” in HPA axis refers to the

A

Adrenal cortex

53
Q

In type 2 diabetes, cells become

A

Insulin resistant

54
Q

Your biological parents’ life experiences can affect your epigenetics (T/F)

A

True

55
Q

The brain system that processes emotions is called the

A

Limbic system

56
Q

Which of these describes the normal diurnal cortisol rhythm?

A

Cortisol is lowest at night, spikes around waking, and slowly decreases over the day

57
Q

The pituitary gland communicates with target glands by secreting (BLANK) into the bloodstream

A

Trophic hormones/stimulating hormones

58
Q

“rest and digest” (or “feed and breed”) function is mediated by the:

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

59
Q

The pineal gland

A

Secretes melatonin, contributing to the sleep-wake cycle

60
Q

The thyroid gland

A

Secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine, regulating metabolism

61
Q

Severe stress during pregnancy can increase the risk of which health problem in the fetus?

A

Low birth weight, altered metabolism, high stress sensitivity, heart disease

62
Q

Which of these describes the normal diurnal cortisol rhythm?

A

Cortisol is lowest at night, spikes around waking, and slowly decreases over the day

63
Q

the greatest economic predictor of poor health and mortality is

A

Income inequality

64
Q

Vagal tone, or the strength of the parasympathetic nervous system, can be measured using

A

Heart rate variability

65
Q

strength of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Vagal tone

66
Q

The “H” in HPA axis refers to

A

Hypothalamus

67
Q

Stress does not cause cancer (T/F)

A

True

Health Psychology (2 decks)

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