Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 105 > Exam 1 Prep > Flashcards

Exam 1 Prep Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which type of biologist studies the process of gradual change during which new species arise from older species?

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Neurobiologist
  • Physicist
  • Biochemist
A

-Evolutionary biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biology is the study of _________ and their interactions with one another and their environments.

  • Living organisms
  • Sedimentary rock formations
  • Planets
A

-Living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of these statements best summarizes the scientific method?

  • A creative formulation of assumptions about the world.
  • An adaptable, fluid process of testing hypotheses.
  • A systematic approach with defined steps to solving problems.
  • None of these.
A

A systematic approach with defined steps to solving problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Within the natural sciences, fields of study are generally described to fall into the category of life sciences or physical sciences. However, some fields of study fall into both categories, and are therefore considered interdisciplinary. Which of these fields of study would be considered an interdisciplinary field of science?

  • Astronomy
  • Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Geology
A

Biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of these is an example of deductive reasoning?

  • All of these.
  • Careful observation and measurement of the production of saliva in a dog’s mouth when presented with a treat.
  • The prediction that an egg released from the top of a 10 story building should break on impact with the sidewalk below.
  • The observation that burr seeds stuck to clothing and a dog’s fur after a hike have tiny hook structures.
A

The prediction that an egg released from the top of a 10 story building should break on impact with the sidewalk below.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Testing of a candidate Alzheimer’s drug for safety before it is approved for marketing is an example of what general type of science?

  • Theoretical
  • Applied
  • Expedited
A

Applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Select the best example of how basic and applied scientists have worked together.
- All of these.
the use of plasmid vectors to clone and sequence an unknown section of mouse
-DNA, and the expression of the protein of the mouse gene subsequently discovered
- the discovery of the structure of DNA, the elucidation that DNA replication is “semi-conservative,” and the screening for genetic disorders
- the discovery that the Hox genes in fruit flies are fundamental in determining the fate of embryo segments

A

the discovery of the structure of DNA, the elucidation that DNA replication is “semi-conservative,” and the screening for genetic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of these is NOT a fundamental characteristic of life?

  • All of these.
  • The ability to regulate the internal environment of the life form.
  • The ability to communicate with other members of the same life form.
  • The ability to utilize energy from the external environment.
A

The ability to regulate the internal environment of the life form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Select the answer that places the scientific method in proper order.

  • predict, question, hypothesize, observe, analyze, experiment, communicate
  • quetion, experiment, hypothesize, question, analyze, predict, communicate
  • hypothesize, question, predict, experiment, observe, analyze, communicate
  • observe, question, hypothesize, predict, experiment, analyze, communicate
A

observe, question, hypothesize, predict, experiment, analyze, communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an “educated guess” to explain a phenomenon.
  -Theory 
  -Law 
  -Hypothesis 
  Experiment
A

Hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

As part of your upcoming experiment in your research lab, you need to prepare a 1M solution of Tris base. Tris base has a molecular weight of 121.14g/mol. How many grams (g) of Tris base would you need in order to make a 100ml volume of 1M Tris base solution?

  • 121.14g
  • 12.114g
  • 12,114g
  • 24.228g
A

12.114g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ou have 1L of a 100M stock solution of NaCl in water, but your lab protocol indicates that you need 1L of a 0.1mM (0.1 millimolar or 100 micromolar) NaCl working solution in water for an upcoming experiment. A dilution factor this great can be highly prone to error due to mispipetting. For example, a volume that is off by 1% will amplify across the dilution, causing your final solution to be a different concentration than intended. Which of the following would be the best method for accurately diluting the 100M stock solution to 0.1mM final concentration in 1L?

  • Add 5ul of the stock into 1L water
  • Perform a series of 1:10 dilutions until you reach the desired concentration in 1L water
  • Add 1ul of the stock into 1L water
  • Add 100ul of the stock into 10L water
A

Perform a series of 1:10 dilutions until you reach the desired concentration in 1L water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A graduate student in your research lab has prepared a 100ml volume of 10M solution of NaCl in water, however your lab experiment calls for a 50mM working solution of NaCl in water. The graduate student has generously offered to let you use her solution to make your working solution, as long as you leave her 25ml of her original 10M NaCl stock. If you need to make 10L of the 50mM NaCl working solution for your experiment, will you have enough of the graduate student’s 10M stock solution to be sure to leave her at least 25ml?

  • No, because I need 100ml of the 10M NaCl stock
  • Yes, because I only need 50ml of the 10M NaCl stock
  • Yes, because I only need 25ml of the 10M NaCl Stock
  • No, because I need 80ml of the 10M NaCl stock
A

Yes, because I only need 50ml of the 10M NaCl stock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The molecular weight of MgCl2 is 95.211 g/mol. How many grams (g) of MgCl2 will you need to weigh out in order to make 1L of a 1M MgCl2 solution?

  • 9.5211g
  • 95.211g
  • 0.95211g
  • 952.11g
A

95.211g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The atomic mass of an element allows one to infer which of the following?

  • the number of protons plus neutrons in the element
  • the number of electrons in the element
  • the number of protons in the element
  • the number of protons plus electrons in the element
A

the number of protons plus neutrons in the element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these twenty-five elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?

  • C, H, N, O
  • O, H, Ca, N
  • C, Na, H, N
  • C, O, P, H
A

C, H, N, O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following is the best description of an atom’s physical structure?

  • Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated at the center of the bubble.
  • Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated on the outside surface of the bubble.
  • An atom is a solid mass of material.
  • The particles that form an atom are equidistant from each other.
A

Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated at the center of the bubble.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are _____.

  • ionic bonds
  • hydrogen bonds
  • nonpolar covalent bonds
  • polar covalent bonds
A

nonpolar covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the following are compounds?

  • H2O and O2
  • H2O, O2, and CH4
  • H2O and CH4, but not O2
  • O2 and CH4
A

H2O and CH4, but not O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When are atoms most stable?

  • when they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons
  • when all electrons are paired
  • when they have the fewest possible valence electrons
  • when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled
A

when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

  • single bonds only
  • double bonds only
  • single and double only
  • single, double, or triple
A

single, double, or triple

22
Q

Van der Waals interactions may result when _____.

  • two polar covalent bonds react
  • molecules held by ionic bonds react with water
  • electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule
  • a hydrogen atom loses an electron
A

electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule

23
Q

A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?

  • It is a weak acid.
  • It is a weak base.
  • It is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water.
  • It is a strong base that dissociates completely in water.
A

It is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water.

24
Q

If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the concentration of H+ ions _____.
- is 10 times higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm
-is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix
- in the cytoplasm is 7/8 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix
in the cytoplasm is 8/7 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix

A

is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix

25
Q

The loss of water from a plant by transpiration cools the leaf. Movement of water in transpiration requires both adhesion to the conducting walls and wood fibers of the plant and cohesion of the molecules to each other. A scientist wanted to increase the rate of transpiration of a crop species to extend its range into warmer climates. The scientist substituted a nonpolar solution with an atomic mass similar to that of water for hydrating the plants. What do you expect the scientist’s data will indicate from this experiment?

  • Transpiration rates will increase as nonpolar compounds undergo adhesion and cohesion with wood fibers more readily than water.
  • The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar compound.
  • Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion.
  • The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar compound.
A

Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion.

26
Q

A strong acid like HCl _____.

  • increases the pH when added to an aqueous solution
  • dissociates completely in an aqueous solution
  • reacts with strong bases to create a buffered solution
  • is a strong buffer at low pH
A

dissociates completely in an aqueous solution

27
Q

Why does ice float in liquid water?

  • The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking.
  • The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water.
  • Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.
  • The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on top.
A

Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.

28
Q

You have two beakers. One contains pure water, the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen.

  • Equal amounts of NaCl crystals will dissolve in both water and methanol.
  • NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in methanol but will not dissolve in water.
  • NaCl crystals will not dissolve in either water or methanol.
  • NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol.
A

NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol.

29
Q

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

  • hydrogen bonds
  • ionic bonds
  • polar covalent bonds
  • both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
A

hydrogen bonds

30
Q

A solution contains 0.0000001 (10-7) moles of hydroxyl ions [OH-] per liter. Which of the following best describes this solution?

  • acidic: H+ acceptor
  • acidic: H+ donor
  • basic: H+ acceptor
  • neutral
A

neutral

31
Q

How many electron pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell?

  • 8
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
A

4

32
Q

Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water?

  • carbonyl
  • hydroxyl
  • amino
  • carboxyl
A

carboxyl

33
Q

Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the ______.

  • types of inorganic compounds present in each organism
  • elemental composition from organism to organism
  • sizes of organic molecules in each organism
  • types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism
A

types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism

34
Q

Stanley Miller’s 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that _____.

  • life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules
  • the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life
  • life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes
  • organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth
A

organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth

35
Q

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a ________.

  • fatty acid
  • polysaccharide
  • monosaccharide
  • nucleic acid
A

monosaccharide

36
Q

Starch and cellulose ________.

  • are structural components of the plant cell wall
  • are polymers of glucose
  • are cis-trans isomers of each other
  • are used for energy storage in plants
A

are polymers of glucose

37
Q

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because ________.

  • humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha-glycosidic linkages of starch by not the beta-glycosidic linkages of cellulose
  • the monomer of starch is fructose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose
  • starch monomers are joined by covalent bonds and cellulose monomers are joined by ionic bonds
  • the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose
A

humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha-glycosidic linkages of starch by not the beta-glycosidic linkages of cellulose

38
Q

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

  • the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule
  • the type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule
  • the types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules
  • whether glucose is in the alpha or beta form
A

the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule

39
Q

Lipids ______.

  • are insoluble in water
  • are made by dehydration reactions
  • are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and nitrogen
  • contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates
A

are insoluble in water

40
Q

Which of the follow are liquid at room temperature?

  • Neither
  • Both
  • Oils
  • Fat
A

Oils

41
Q

Phospholipids have a polar head region and a nonpolar hydrocarbon tail. Because of these properties, phospholipids are referred to as _______.

  • amphipathic
  • empathetic
  • amphetamine
  • hydrolysis
A

amphipathic

42
Q

How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

  • Phospholipids dissolve in water.
  • Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar.
  • The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water.
  • The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.
A

The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.

43
Q

The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid leucine is CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

  • Serine and leucine would both be in the interior of the globular protein.
  • Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
  • Serine and leucine would both be on the exterior of the globular protein.
  • Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
A

Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

44
Q

All of the following contain amino acids EXCEPT ________.

  • Insulin
  • Cholesterol
  • Hemoglobin
  • Enzymes
A

Cholesterol

45
Q

Which of the following is a FALSE statement concerning amino groups? Amino groups ______.

  • are found in amino acids
  • are basic with respect to pH
  • contain nitrogen
  • are nonpolar
A

are nonpolar

46
Q

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would _______.

  • Always alter the biological activity or function of the protein.
  • Always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity.
  • Alter the primary structure of the protein but not its tertiary structure or function.
  • Cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold.
A

Always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity.

47
Q 
If you isolated a sample of DNA and determined that it is composed of 10% thymine, what percentage of the DNA sample would consist of guanine?
  40% 
  10% 
  20% 
  80%
A

40%

48
Q

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5’ATTGGCA3’, the other complementary strand would have the sequence _________.

  • 5’TAACGT3’
  • 5’TGCCAAT3’
  • 5’UGCAAU3’
  • 3’UAACGU5’
A

5’TGCCAAT3’

49
Q

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

  • both DNA and RNA
  • proteins
  • RNA
  • DNA
A

RNA

50
Q

Which of the following includes all of the pyrimidines found in RNA and DNA?

  • cytosine, uracil, and guanine
  • cytosine and thymine
  • cytosine and uracil
  • cytosine, uracil, and thymine
A

cytosine, uracil, and thymine

Biology 105 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions