Exam 1 Prep Flashcards
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to facilitate the reparative process of the body by manipulating the patient’s environment.
Nightingale - 1860
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to develop interaction between the nurse and patient.
Peplau - 1952
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to work interdependently with other health care workers, assisting the patient in gaining independence as quickly as possible; help patient gain the lacking strength.
Henderson - 1955
This theorist said that the goal of nursing was to care for and help the patient attain total self-care.
Orem - 1971
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to use communication to help the patient reestablish positive adaption to the environment.
King - 1971
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to help individuals, families, and groups attain and maintain maximal levels of total wellness by purposeful interventions.
Neuman - 1974
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to provide care consistent with nursing’s emerging science and knowledge with caring as the central focus.
Leininger - 1978
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to identify types of demands place on patients, assess adaptation to demands, and help the patient adapt.
Roy - 1970
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to promote health, restore patient to health, and prevent illness.
Watson - 1979
This theorist said that the goal of nursing is to focus on the patient’s need for caring as a means of coping with stressors of illness.
Benner and Wrubel - 1989
This theorist said that the framework for practice is that the nurse manipulates the patient’s environment to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, and hope.
Nightingale - 1860
This theorist said that the framework for practice is that nursing is a significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process. Nurses participate in structuring healthcare systems to facilitate interpersonal relationships.
Peplau - 1952
This theorist said that the framework for practice is that nurses help patients perform 14 basic needs including things like breathing normally, eat and drink, sleep and get adequate rest, worship according to one’s faith, etc.
Henderson - 1955
This theorist said that the framework for practice is that nursing care is necessary when the patient is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs.
Orem - 1971
This theorist said that the framework for practice is that nursing is a dynamic interpersonal process among nurse, patient, and health care system.
King - 1971
This theorist said that the framework for practice is that stress reduction is goal of the systems model of nursing practice. Nursing actions are in the primary, secondary, or tertiary level of prevention.
Neuman - 1974
This theorist said that the framework for practice with the transcultural care theory, caring is the central and unifying domain for nursing knowledge and practice.
Leininger - 1978
This theorist said that the framework for practice is the adaptation model based on the physiological , psychological, sociological, and dependence-independence adaptive modes.
Roy - 1970
This theorist said that the framework for practice involves the philosophy and science of caring. Caring is an interpersonal process comprising interventions to meet human needs.
Watson - 1979
This theorist said that the framework for practice is that caring is central to the essence of nursing. It create the possibilities for coping and enables possibilities for connecting with and concern for others.
Benner and Wrubel - 1989
This communication skill requires the use of all of the senses to assess verbal and
non-verbal communication. Also requires examination of one’s reactions to messages received. Creates an environment that fosters trust while providing evidence of genuine interest in the client
Active listening
This communication skill is the expression of thoughts, opinions, ideas, and rights in a confident manner that respects both self and others. It promotes mutuality in relationships, goal-setting, team building, and conflict resolution
assertiveness
This communication skill is a request for additional input in order to understand the message sent/received. It demonstrates the desire to understand the client’s communicated message
clarification
This communication skill is the positive resolution of conflicts between opposing demands through the art of negotiation. It strengthens relationships while building trust and collaboration.
conflict resolution
This communication skill makes one aware of incongruence and/or discrepancies between one’s behavior and what one says. The recognition of behavioral and verbal discrepancies can assist client’s to make changes.
confrontation
This communication skill uses questions and statements that help a client to expand upon or to develop an idea/topic/subject. It Facilitates dialogue while helping the client focus or concentrate on a topic.
focusing
This communication skill utilizes the expression of feelings and/or thoughts in a way that is comical, amusing, or funny. It can reduce stress and anxiety while allowing for expression of challenging thoughts and ideas.
humor
This communication skill is giving facts or information when the client seeks or asks for information. It facilitates informed decision making.
imparting information
This communication skill uses diffusion of tension while effectively resolving conflicts and stressful interpersonal interactions. It fosters participatory decision making.
negotiation
This communication skill is seeking feedback and/or securing information. It builds rapport and trust while eliciting data.
questioning (open and closed)
This communication skill uses statements based on the client’s comments to confirm assertions or assumptions. It elicits ideas, information, interpretations, and ideas that are important to the client
reflection
This communication skill is repeating what is believed to be the main idea of the client’s words. It requests validation of the message received from the client.
restatement
This communication skill is sharing carefully selected personal information for the purpose of meeting the client’s needs. It can foster trust, convey empathy, reduce fears, and normalize the client’s experiences
self-disclosure
This communication skill is a period of time in which no verbal communication takes place. It provides time for organization of thoughts and/or ideas.
silence
This communication skill is the statement of main ideas discussed during an interaction. It is important for validation and clarification of interaction.
summarization
This communication skill is clarification of insinuated or implied messages (verbal and/or non-verbal). It validates perceptions in order to understand the client’s message.
verbalizing the implied
This communication blocker is failure to receive the verbal or non-verbal message sent – lack of active listening. It ignores the needs of the client/sender and sends the message that the client is not important
failure to listen
This communication blocker is inadequate data collection by obtaining vague descriptions, eliciting incomplete answers, following stand forms too closely, and not exploring the client’s interpretation. It generates an inadequate database which prevents appropriate assessment of data in order to formulate nursing diagnoses and leads to lack of individualization of client care
incomplete questioning
This communication blocker is the continual repetition of client’s phrases (over-reliance on restatement). It projects the message that one is either not listening or is not an effective communicator – deters the development of trust and rapport.
parroting
This communication blocker is conveying approval or disapproval of behaviors, lifestyle, communication etc. via verbal or non-verbal communication methods. It implies that the nurse has the right to judge the client’s behaviors and/or communication as appropriate or inappropriate. Deters the development of a trusting relationship
judgment/moralizing
This communication blocker is attempting to reassure client and/or instill false hope via verbal interactions. It negates and/or minimizes the fears and feelings of the client. Does not allow for exploration of feelings
false reassurance
This communication blocker is the refusal to discuss certain valid topics with the client due to discomfort on the part of the nurse. It prevents the client from communicating his/her needs, feelings, fears, thoughts etc. May lead to feelings of rejection
rejection
This communication blocker is protecting someone or something from negative feedback. It negates the right of the client to express his/her opinions or thoughts.
defensiveness
This communication blocker is the use of trite, meaningless verbal expressions when responding to the client. It negates the worth of the client and shuts down communication by ignoring client’s needs.
cliche/canned responses
This communication blocker is telling or informing the client what the nurse thinks the client should do in a certain situation. It does not promote mutual decision making. Negates the client’s right to autonomy
giving advice
This communication blocker is minimizing and or mocking the client’s concerns or fears. It shuts down communication and deters development of trust/empathy.
belittling
This communication blocker is using language or terms unfamiliar to the client. It shuts down communication due to lack of understanding – can also be interpreted as patronizing by the client.
use of jargon
This communication blocker is a style of communication that displays a condescending attitude. It implies inequality in the relationship and places the nurse in a position of superiority.
patronizing
This term is defined as the legal, ethical, and moral obligation to other persons, groups, organizations, and societies.
accountability
Name some of the nursing developments that happened between 1860 and the beginning of the 20th c.
American Red Cross was ratified, Mary Mahoney the first Af. Am nurse was trained, the ANA was started, Henry Street Settlement helped NYC poor.
Name some of the nursing developments of the 20th century.
nursing evolved as a scientific research based practice, nurses began taking on advanced practice roles, Army/Navy nurse corps were est., nursing specialization developed and more specialty nursing organizations were created.
Name some of the nursing developments of the 21st century.
ethics are the forefront, revision of nursing school curricula, advances in tech/informatics along with high acuity force nurses to have a strong knowledge base. end of life care issues are getting more attention.
This term refers to a discipline involving knowledge, service, and an extended period of education, training, and work experience.
profession
This term refers to the expectations of behavior, norms and values that are demonstrated of represent a profession. It can be individuals or on a greater scale as a group.
professionalism
A transformative process into becoming a member of a profession and also promoting a discipline as a profession.
professionalization
Name the seven components of a profession.
specialized education, body of knowledge, service orientation, ongoing research, code of ethics, autonomy, professional organizations
Name the 5 types of nursing education.
Pre-licensure education preparing to become an (RN), graduate education in nursing, doctoral education in nursing, continuing education units, in-service education.